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1.
Danish Medical Journal ; 70(3) (no pagination), 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2259290

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION. Two-thirds of patients with COVID-19 developed smell and taste dysfunction, of whom half experienced improvement within the first month. After six months, 5-15% still suffered from significant olfactory dysfunction (OD). Before COVID-19, olfactory training (OT) was proved to be effective in patients with post-infectious OD. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the progress of olfactory recovery with and without OT in patients with long COVID-19. METHODS. Consecutive patients with long COVID-19 referred to the Flavour Clinic at Godstrup Regional Hospital, Denmark, were enrolled. The diagnostic set-up at the first visit and follow-up included smell and taste tests, questionnaires, ENT examination and instructions in OT. RESULTS. From January 2021 to April 2022, 52 patients were included due to long COVID-19-related OD. The majority of patients complained of distorted sensory quality, in particular, parosmia. Two-thirds of the patients reported a subjective improvement of their sense of smell and taste along with a significant decline in the negative impact on quality of life (p = 0.0001). Retesting at follow-up demonstrated a significant increase in smell scores (p = 0.023) where a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in smell scores was found in 23% of patients. Full training compliance was significantly associated with the probability of MCID improvement (OR = 8.13;p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS. The average effect of OT is modest;however, full training compliance was significantly associated with an increased probability of a clinically relevant olfactory improvement. FUNDING. none. TRIAL REGISTRATION. not relevant.Copyright © 2023, Almindelige Danske Laegeforening. All rights reserved.

2.
Arch Med Res ; 54(2): 105-112, 2023 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2283669

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The innate immune response in humans involves a wide variety of factors, including the tripartite motif-containing 5α (TRIM5α) and 22 (TRIM22) as a cluster of genes on chromosome 11 that have exhibited antiviral activity in several viral infections. We analyzed the correlation of the expression of TRIM5α and TRIM22 with the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in blood samples of 330 patients, divided into two groups of severe and mild disease, versus the healthy individuals who never had contact with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: The transcription level of TRIM5α and TRIM22 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The laboratory values were collected from the patients' records. RESULTS: The expression of both genes was significantly lower in the severe group containing the hospitalized patients than in both the mild group and the control group. However, in the mild group, TRIM22 expression was significantly higher (p <0.0001) than in the control group while TRIM5α expression was not significantly different between these two groups. We found a relationship between the cycle threshold (Ct) value of patients and the expression of the aforementioned genes. CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicated that lower Ct values or higher RNA viral load might be associated with the downregulation of TRIM5α and TRIM22 and the severity of COVID-19. Additional studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Repressor Proteins , Humans , Repressor Proteins/genetics , Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics , Tripartite Motif Proteins/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2 , Disease Progression , Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics , Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism
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