[Features of the course of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in patients with a history of COVID-19].

Aim      To study the clinical course of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in hospitalized patients after COVID-19 and to evaluate the effect of baseline characteristics of patients on the risk of complications.Material and methods  The study included 209 patients with NSTEMI; 104 of them had had COVID-19. The course of myocardial infarction (MI) was analyzed at the hospital stage, including evaluation of the incidence rate of complications (fatal outcome, recurrent MI, life-threatening arrhythmias and conduction disorders, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, ischemic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding).Results Mean age of patients after COVID-19 was 61.8±12.2 years vs. 69.0±13.0 in the comparison group (p<0.0001). The groups were comparable by risk factors, clinical data, and severity of coronary damage. Among those who have had СOVID-19, there were fewer patients of the GRACE high risk group (55.8 % vs. 74.3 %; p<0.05). Convalescent COVID-19 patients had higher levels of C-reactive protein and troponin I (p<0.05). The groups did not significantly differ in the incidence of unfavorable NSTEMI course (p>0.05). However, effects of individual factors (postinfarction cardiosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, decreased SpO2, red blood cell concentration, increased plasma glucose) on the risk of complications were significantly greater for patients after COVID-19 than for the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion      Patients with NSTEMI, despite differences in clinical history and laboratory data, are characterized by a similar risk of death at the hospital stage, regardless of the past COVID-19. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in the incidence of in-hospital complications, in general, post-COVID-19 patients showed a higher risk of complicated course of NSTEMI compared to patients who had not have COVID-19. In addition, for this category of patients, new factors were identified that previously did not exert a clinically significant effect on the incidence of complications: female gender, concentration of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 ≥200.0 U/l, concentration of С-reactive protein ≥40.0 mg/l, total protein <65 g/l. These results can be used for additional stratification of risk for cardiovascular complications in patients with MI and also for development of individual protocols for evaluation and management of NSTEMI patients with a history of COVID-19.

Primary hypothyroidism with an episode of ventricular tachycardia in a patient with COVID-19: A case report.

RATIONALE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease with major clinical manifestations in the respiratory system. However, thyroid involvement has also been reported. We present a case of hypothyroidism with ventricular tachycardia following diagnosis with COVID-19. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 77-year-old man was admitted to the isolation ward due to COVID-19. After respiratory support and medical treatment, the patient was successfully weaned off the ventilator. However, an episode of short-run ventricular tachycardia was detected, and primary hypothyroidism was also diagnosed. DIAGNOSIS: Ventricular tachycardia was detected by electrocardiography. INTERVENTIONS: Intravenous amiodarone administration and oral levothyroxine replacement. OUTCOMES: No arrhythmia detected following treatment. LESSONS: Awareness of the association between hypothyroidism and COVID-19 is important in preventing possible complications.

EKG Abnormalities in a Youth Athlete Following COVID-19: It's Not Always Myocarditis!

COVID-19 associated myocarditis following mild infections is rare while incidental findings may be more common. A young athlete fully recovered from a mild COVID-19 infection presented with inferolateral T-wave inversions and left ventricular hypertrophy on imaging. Exercise testing aided in correctly diagnosing the patient with masked systolic hypertension.

A 75-Year-Old Woman with COVID-19 Pneumonia and Wellens Syndrome Diagnosed by Electrocardiography.

BACKGROUND There are increasing reports of cardiovascular complications associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Wellens syndrome, or left anterior descending T-wave syndrome, is diagnosed by a pattern of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes that include inverted or biphasic T waves in leads V2-V3. CASE REPORT A 75-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of fatigue and progressive shortness of breath who acutely decompensated, necessitating mechanical ventilator support. Initial lab workup revealed COVID-19 positivity, which was confirmed by repeat testing. A routine ECG obtained during her hospitalization and compared with her baseline revealed diffuse T-wave inversions of her precordial leads, which was highly suggestive of Wellens syndrome. Cardiac enzymes obtained were slightly elevated and an echocardiogram did not demonstrate wall motion abnormalities. The patient was initiated on non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction protocol with heparin infusion for 48 hours and dual antiplatelet therapy, in addition to beta blockade. Repeat ECGs showed complete resolution of Wellens syndrome shortly after therapy. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, Wellens syndrome is a significant indicator of left anterior descending artery stenosis and is commonly associated with acute medical illness. COVID-19 pneumonia has been associated with many adverse cardiovascular outcomes, with ischemia and arrhythmia becoming increasingly more common. Diagnosis of Wellens often includes coronary angiography; however, during the current pandemic, many authorities have recommended medical management alone during the acute phase of care, depending on the severity of concomitant illness.

Noncoding RNAs implication in cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 era.

COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the main clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory, many patients also display acute myocardial injury and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. Understanding both direct and indirect damage caused to the heart and the vascular system by SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary to identify optimal clinical care strategies. The homeostasis of the cardiovascular system requires a tight regulation of the gene expression, which is controlled by multiple types of RNA molecules, including RNA encoding proteins (messenger RNAs) (mRNAs) and those lacking protein-coding potential, the noncoding-RNAs. In the last few years, dysregulation of noncoding-RNAs has emerged as a crucial component in the pathophysiology of virtually all cardiovascular diseases. Here we will discuss the potential role of noncoding RNAs in COVID-19 disease mechanisms and their possible use as biomarkers of clinical use.

Approach to Acute Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Infection.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019, otherwise known as COVID-19, is a global pandemic with primary respiratory manifestations in those who are symptomatic. It has spread to >187 countries with a rapidly growing number of affected patients. Underlying cardiovascular disease is associated with more severe manifestations of COVID-19 and higher rates of mortality. COVID-19 can have both primary (arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and myocarditis) and secondary (myocardial injury/biomarker elevation and heart failure) cardiac involvement. In severe cases, profound circulatory failure can result. This review discusses the presentation and management of patients with severe cardiac complications of COVID-19 disease, with an emphasis on a Heart-Lung team approach in patient management. Furthermore, it focuses on the use of and indications for acute mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic and/or mixed shock.