Subject(s)
Antibodies/therapeutic use , COVID-19 Vaccines , Cell Biology , Developmental Biology , Electronic Nose , Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation , Neurosciences , Animals , Antibodies/chemistry , Antibodies/genetics , Antibodies/immunology , Bacterial Proteins/drug effects , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/radiation effects , Bioprinting/trends , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry , COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology , COVID-19 Vaccines/supply & distribution , Cell Biology/instrumentation , Cell Biology/trends , Developmental Biology/methods , Developmental Biology/trends , Embryo, Mammalian/cytology , Embryo, Mammalian/embryology , Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism , Embryonic Development/genetics , Holography/trends , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/chemistry , Immunoglobulin E/genetics , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/therapeutic use , Ion Channels/metabolism , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Membrane Proteins/drug effects , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/radiation effects , Mice , Microscopy/instrumentation , Microscopy/trends , Molecular Probes/analysis , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neurosciences/methods , Neurosciences/trends , Optogenetics/trends , Single-Cell Analysis , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, neurosurgeons all around the globe continue to operate in emergency cases using new self-protective measures. Personal protective equipment (PPE) use is recommended in all surgeries. The authors have experienced varying degrees of field of view (FOV) loss under the surgical microscope with different PPE. Herein, they aimed to investigate the effects of different PPE on FOV while using the surgical microscope. METHODS: Fifteen neurosurgeons and neurosurgery residents participated in this study. Three kinds of PPE (safety spectacles, blast goggles, and face shields) were tested while using a surgical microscope. FOV was measured using a 12 × 12-cm checkered sheet of paper on which every square had an area of 25 mm2 under the microscope. The surgical microscope was positioned perpendicular to the test paper, and the zoom was fixed. Each participant marked on the test sheet the peripheral borders of their FOV while using different PPE and without wearing any PPE. A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in FOV values with the different PPE. RESULTS: FOV was significantly different between each PPE (F[3, 42] = 6339.845, p < 0.0005). Post hoc analysis revealed a significant decrease in the FOV from the naked eye (9305.33 ± 406.1 mm2) to blast goggles (2501.91 ± 176.5 mm2) and face shields (92.33 ± 6.4 mm2). There were no significant FOV changes with the safety spectacles (9267.45 ± 410.5 mm2). CONCLUSIONS: While operating under a surgical microscope safety spectacles provide favorable FOVs. Face shields increase the eye piece-pupil distance, which causes a severe reduction in FOV.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Microsurgery/trends , Neurosurgeons/trends , Neurosurgical Procedures/trends , Personal Protective Equipment/trends , Visual Fields , COVID-19/transmission , Humans , Microscopy/instrumentation , Microscopy/trends , Microsurgery/instrumentation , Neurosurgical Procedures/instrumentation , Personal Protective Equipment/adverse effects , Visual Fields/physiologySubject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Hair Diseases/diagnosis , Microscopy/instrumentation , Smartphone , Telemedicine/methods , Humans , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Mastoidectomy is considered an aerosol-generating procedure. This study examined the effect of wearing personal protective equipment on the view achieved using the operating microscope. METHODS: ENT surgeons assessed the area of a calibrated target visible through an operating microscope whilst wearing a range of personal protective equipment, with prescription glasses when required. The distance between the surgeon's eye and the microscope was measured in each personal protective equipment condition. RESULTS: Eleven surgeons participated. The distance from the eye to the microscope inversely correlated with the diameter and area visible (p < 0.001). The median area visible while wearing the filtering facepiece code 3 mask and full-face visor was 4 per cent (range, 4-16 per cent). CONCLUSION: The full-face visor is incompatible with the operating microscope. Solutions offering adequate eye protection for aerosol-generating procedures that require the microscope, including mastoidectomy, are urgently needed. Low-profile safety goggles should have a working distance of less than 20 mm and be compatible with prescription lenses.