Subject(s)
Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , COVID-19/blood , COVID-19/immunology , Gene Products, env/blood , Gene Products, env/immunology , Pregnancy Proteins/blood , Pregnancy Proteins/immunology , SARS-CoV-2 , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology , Abortion, Spontaneous , Amino Acids , Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry , Cross Reactions , Female , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Patient Safety , PregnancySubject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , COVID-19/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Communication , Cross Reactions/immunology , Female , Fertility , Gene Products, env/immunology , Humans , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Proteins/immunology , Pregnancy, Unplanned , SARS-CoV-2 , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunologyABSTRACT
The ongoing worldwide pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), raised the urgency to address knowledge gaps and to establish evidence for improving management and control of this viral infection. Throughout a keen analysis of the World Health Organization (WHO) most updated data, a gender-specific difference in the occurrence of infection was determined, which seems to correlate with patient's vitamin D status. Therefore, our purpose is to provide insights into the nutritional importance of vitamin D for its immunomodulatory effect, in order to help counteracting the COVID-19 pandemic. Novel interesting findings suggest that vitamin D, by inducing progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), might regulate the immune response and also modulate cytokine IL-6, which appears to be increased in COVID-19 infections. Therefore, in addition to the standard recommendations to prevent the infection, supplementation of vitamin D might be considered an approach to help counteracting this global epidemic.