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The COVID-19 pandemic has relatively affected the Norwegian context and other Nordic countries (except for Sweden), considering the prudential authorities and policies adopted during the various waves of the virus. The capacity for remote working and high flexibility of working (already observed before the pandemic) have contributed to adapt to the changes. In this context, the study aims to explore the ways of working and living during the Corona Times and the implications for planning and mobility in Norway, considering the short-medium and long-term effects of the pandemic. First, the study presents an overview of the main impacts of the pandemic in the Nordic countries (such as mortality, labour market and absence from work, including the closure of workplaces), and second, it focuses on Norway, in light of the national measures. Then, the working related trends (for example, growth of demand of new working spaces and the increased number of workers in the public libraries) are discussed, as well as the major implications for our cities, such as new housing demands, commuting habits and transportation modes. Finally, an overview of the current debate within the Norwegian society shows the high interests of planners, other experts, and media in understanding the future of work, such as hybrid forms, new jobs, working remotely (but from where?). © 2023, The Author(s).
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The objective of this article is to examine the impact of macro-extreme emotional experience (MEEE) and the new societal norms during the COVID-19 pandemic on health and well-being and their situational consequences on emotional labour of frontline employees. The vast literature on emotional labour in the past has focused on several situational cues, and individual and organizational factors as antecedents. We did a systematic review of available literature on emotional labour, literature on sentiment analysis and emotional experience during the pandemic and analysed COVID-19 related blogs using Natural Language Processing (NLP) in RStudio. At the same time, we attempted to look at the possible intervention of individual factors of MEEEs and social aspects of the new societal norms as antecedents on emotion regulation process and its outcome and propose a conceptual framework for future research on emotional labour under the ‘new normal'. It was concluded that perceived risk, fear and anxiety are extreme emotions that individuals are experiencing during the pandemic. © 2023 XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources.
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For many years, Nepal has relied on the import of labour by foreign countries to sustain its economy with income from remittances having approached 30% of the national gross domestic product for close to a decade. Besides being the most valuable source of hard currency, earnings by labour migrants have also contributed to reducing poverty levels drastically in recent years while also providing the impetus for rapid urbanization and rising consumerism. All of that has now been put in jeopardy as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic that has led to tens of thousands of Nepali workers being laid off in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, the major destination for Nepalis in foreign employment. This chapter explores how the pandemic has affected the foreign employment sector with a particular focus on the number of Nepalis returning home, how the government plans to deal with a large number of unemployed young men and women, the expected reduction in remittances, and the possible social dislocations as a result of sudden loss of inflow of cash in the rural hinterlands of the economy. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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Using a unique dataset of approximately 1,400 French manufacturing firms, this study provides insights into their utilization of telework in 2019. Our findings reveal firms that engaged in telework benefit from a Total Factor Productivity substantially higher than those that did not. Additionally, we uncover a non-linear relationship between the extent of telework usage and productivity. These descriptive results align with recent worker surveys and experiments, adding valuable and rich firm-level information to the ongoing conversation on teleworking and its potential impact on productivity. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Dairy production systems in Ecuador have been studied in the last 10 years. During the Covid-2019 pandemic, the entire human society was harmed and agricultural activities affected by the disease and by the restrictions implemented to prevent its spread. The dairy industry did not escape this global situation and was affected in various countries. Reports from Ecuador and Asian countries indicate the unfavorable effect that this global health emergency situation had on dairy production. However, according to a report by the Argentine Dairy Chain Observatory1, world milk production had a constant growth of around 3%. It is considered that the activities carried out by veterinarians, milking and animal handling operators, inseminators and by the personnel dedicated to the management of paddocks were affected by Covid-19. Likewise, the supply of medicines, agricultural inputs and technology had a critical situation due to the pandemic. In addition, the response times were not always adequate, especially due to the absenteeism of livestock personnel, human mortality and effects on the health and well-being of people . Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the effects the pandemic could have on the country's cattle farms. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the pandemic period affected milk production per hectare per year in Ecuadorian herds.
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The chapter looks at the major issues arising from the outbreak of the pandemic crisis in the Italian fashion industry. We consider how the emergence of the pandemic is affecting this industry in its various specialisations: textiles, clothing, footwear, leather goods and eyewear. The chapter switches track to think about the possible transformation involving the relationships between production and consumption of fashion goods using interviews with workers, employers and stakeholders. Following on from this we present and discuss measures and policies taken by the Italian government with social partners to tackle the damages produced by the pandemic for businesses and workers. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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Industry 4.0 is the central topic of numerous publications by foreign and Russian scientists, most of which are conceptual in nature. The current labor market requires the formation of new competencies and skills demanded in the digital economy. Digital reality dictates the need to develop new competencies—digital skills. Knowledge of computer technology, the use of software, and programming have become essential. For most organizations worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the digitalization and adoption of digital ways of working. The development of new forms of employment (remote and combined) using digital technology will contribute to positive changes in the labor market. Based on these trends in the digital transformation of current society, the research aims to examine the digital skills of employees in the cooperative sector of the economy and their demand in the labor market in the context of Industry 4.0. The authors use descriptive statistical methods to process official data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the Higher School of Economics. The research indicates that the transformation of the labor market and forms of employment requires the development of new competencies demanded in Industry 4.0. In the digital economy, employment opportunities increasingly depend on a person's digital skills and competencies. This paper is one of the first comprehensive studies of the changing labor conditions, working environment, and the emergence of new competencies in Industry 4.0. This research contributes to the problem of studying digital skills as a component of human capital and can be the basis for further research in this subject area. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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One of the economic engines of the world is the leisure and hospitality sector. The industry's rapid embrace of new technology in recent years has significantly changed the manner that Both giving and receiving services. This study examines examine some of the most cutting-edge technology available today employed in the hotel sector and their working conditions boosting visitor experiences and transforming the hospitality platform for services. We also think about some possible futures. We might anticipate hospitality services as the Internet of IoT technology is continually developing. We continue to debate Several major obstacles must be overcome in order to implement a long-term, future-proof hospitality solution industry. Because the hospitality sector is very competitive and those who do not adapt are left behind, it is crucial to not only stay on top of the most recent technological advances but also to change with the times. In the context of COVID, keeping an eye on the pulse is especially crucial because consumer expectations and requirements are always changing.
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Using a labour process lens, this research focuses on the structured antagonism that characterises the employment relationship. This article seeks to further our understanding of how news organisations employ control strategies to extract the labour power of journalists and achieve organisational objectives, and we pay particular attention to the role of editors in this regard. We also explore the responses of journalists as workers to managerial control which can include accommodation, resistance, compliance, or consent. The findings are based on an empirical case study of a local newspaper incorporating interviews with editors and journalists. The case study reveals how journalists' work intensified with the turn to digital content, and because of reduced staffing since COVID-19, but editors ensured high levels of productivity through distribution of digital analytics and constant monitoring.
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In the COVID-19 pandemic, the employee-employer relationship in the hospitality industry has been shaken. The psychological contract between employers and employees has changed dramatically during this turbulent time. Extant studies have primarily focused on the impact of crisis on the tourism and hospitality industry at the macro-and meso-levels. However, the impact at the microlevel, e.g. employees' psychological mechanism, is underexplored. Few studies have explored the process of how psychological contract breaches occur during crises, as well as the mechanism of how psychological contract breaches influence employees. Using the multiple-case method and grounded theory, this study explored the content of psychological contract, and the mechanism and outcomes of psychological contract breach in hotel organizations. Six high-star hotels located in Fujian province were selected as our study cases, and their human resource managers, frontline managers and employees were interviewed. The salient dimensions of psychological contract in the crisis were identified, which are income guarantee, safety assurance, job security, specific welfare, and work arrangements. Employees emphasized the transactional obligations (i.e. income, welfare, and job guarantee), and attached far less importance to relational obligations in the crisis setting. Three causes of psychological contract breach were identified: inability, unwillingness, and incongruence. Employees' attribution of this crisis, demographics (i.e. age, education, and position), and personalities(i.e. collectivist mindset) make they respond differently towards the psychological contract breach. Most employees did not blame the hotels for the breach, and attributed the breach to the factors beyond the hotels, thus their negative responses were attenuated. Our study proposes a dynamic model that indicates psychological contract breaches lead to varied employee responses and how psychological contract maintenance occure. Whether hotel employees and management can bind together during the crisis depends on their mutual consideration and fulfillment of corresponding obligations. Hotels that invested in employees during normal times and actively helped employees during crisis times were more likely to motivate employees' loyalty to the hotel. Several remedy strategies are proposed to help hotels develop a sustainable employee-employer relationship during and after the crisis. Our study advances knowledge in hotel crisis management by systematically investigating psychological contract and its influencing mechanism, which helps to build a resilient hotel workforce in crisis time.
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This qualitative study applies the labour market segmentation theory to examine tourism job losses through the indirect causes of pay cuts, unpaid leave and the take-up of side hustle–accepted by the employees partly from loyalty, camaraderie and empathy. Where the prolonged hardship from these measures leads to resignations, employers gain from the avoidance of termination benefits mandated by a retrenchment exercise. The losses occasioned to the worker include the non-eligibility for state-funded wage subsidy and foregone termination benefits. Through a legal analysis of COVID-19 job losses, the study posits that tourism workers' lack of rights awareness contributed to the voluntary acceptance of these lawful but detrimental strategies. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Latin America was one of the regions hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper analyses, from a dynamic and comparative perspective, labour transitions triggered by the pandemic in six Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru. Special attention is paid to transits around labour informality during this period. Unlike previous crises, the fall in informal occupations deepened the overall contraction in employment. This was explained by a significant increase in exit rates from these jobs and, to a lesser extent, by reductions in entry rates. Most of the informal workers who lost their jobs left the labour force. Contrary to this labour movement, transits from informal to formal jobs significantly dropped during the most critical phase in this crisis. Partial recovery in employment since mid-2020 has been led by an increase in informal jobs. The labour dynamic has been different between men and women. This study reveals the relevance of dynamic analysis to clearly identify labour transitions that occurred during a labour crisis of unprecedented intensity and characteristics in Latin America. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12651-023-00342-x.
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Platform business models emerged with the growth of the Internet in the 1990s and are conceptualized as two- or multi-sided markets, as they facilitate exchange between service providers, clients (business) and workers. This article focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on digital labour platforms, such as freelance online web-based platforms and location-based platforms (transportation and delivery platforms), which have grown exponentially over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed immediately some of the vulnerabilities that the workers in the platform economy were facing as they were declared as part of the 'emergency services', and this note explores their conditions during the pandemic.