Résumé
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a summary of the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), documented in the literature thus far. RECENT FINDINGS: A small but growing literature documents cases of new onset neuro-ophthalmic disease, in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 have experienced acute onset vision loss, optic neuritis, cranial neuropathies, and Miller Fisher syndrome. In addition, COVID-19 increases the risk of cerebrovascular diseases that can impact the visual system. SUMMARY: The literature on COVID-19 continues to evolve. Although COVID-19 primarily impacts the respiratory system, there are several reports of new onset neuro-ophthalmic conditions in COVID-infected patients. When patients present with new onset neuro-ophthalmic issues, COVID-19 should be kept on the differential. Testing for COVID-19 should be considered, especially when fever or respiratory symptoms are also present. When screening general patients for COVID-19-associated symptoms, frontline physicians can consider including questions about diplopia, eye pain, pain with extraocular movements, decreased vision, gait issues, and other neurologic symptoms. The presence of these symptoms may increase the overall probability of viral infection, especially when fever or respiratory symptoms are present. More research is needed to establish a causal relationship between COVID-19 and neuro-ophthalmic disease, and better understand pathogenesis.
Sujets)
Betacoronavirus , Infections à coronavirus/complications , Pneumopathie virale/complications , Animaux , COVID-19 , Dépistage de la COVID-19 , Techniques de laboratoire clinique , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Diplopie/étiologie , Douleur oculaire/étiologie , Humains , Névrite optique/étiologie , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , SARS-CoV-2Résumé
It is a critical period of fighting against new coronavirusï¼SARS-CoV-2ï¼ disease nowï¼since its outbreak on December 2019 in Wuhan.Even though the front line staffs are thought heroesï¼the ENT doctors and nurses are also indispensable power in defending the disease.The number of outpatients of ENT is huge.The early stage of SARS-CoV-2 pneumoniaï¼COVID-19ï¼ may present pharyngalgia or cough without fever.Thusï¼the ENT doctors have high risks of being consulted by early stage COVID-19 patients.This paper means to talk about the contributions of ENT doctors and nurses in defending against SARS-CoV-2 virusï¼as well as the mental status of them.
Sujets)
Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Personnel de santé , Otorhinolaryngologistes , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Chine , Humains , Santé mentale , Pandémies , SARS-CoV-2Sujets)
Césarienne/méthodes , Infections à coronavirus , Accouchement (procédure)/méthodes , Prévention des infections/méthodes , Complications du travail obstétrical/prévention et contrôle , Pandémies , Soins périnatals/méthodes , Pneumopathie virale , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse , Adulte , Betacoronavirus/isolement et purification , COVID-19 , Chine/épidémiologie , Infections à coronavirus/complications , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/épidémiologie , Infections à coronavirus/thérapie , Femelle , Humains , Nouveau-né , Mâle , Complications du travail obstétrical/étiologie , Pneumopathie virale/complications , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/épidémiologie , Pneumopathie virale/thérapie , Grossesse , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/épidémiologie , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/thérapie , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/virologie , SARS-CoV-2Résumé
We reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests. Random-effects models yielded a summary sensitivity of 82% for IgM, and 85% for IgG and total antibodies. For specificity, the pooled estimate were 98% for IgM and 99% for IgG and total antibodies. In populations with ≤ 5% of seroconverted individuals, unless the assays have perfect (i.e. 100%) specificity, the positive predictive value would be ≤ 88%. Serological tests should be used for prevalence surveys only in hard-hit areas.
Sujets)
Anticorps antiviraux/sang , Techniques de laboratoire clinique/méthodes , Infections à Coronaviridae/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Coronavirus/immunologie , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Tests sérologiques/normes , Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère/immunologie , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Dépistage de la COVID-19 , Techniques de laboratoire clinique/normes , Coronavirus/isolement et purification , Infections à coronavirus/épidémiologie , Infections à coronavirus/immunologie , Humains , Immunoglobuline G/sang , Immunoglobuline M/sang , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale/épidémiologie , Pneumopathie virale/immunologie , Valeur prédictive des tests , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilité et spécificité , Tests sérologiques/méthodes , Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère/sangSujets)
Betacoronavirus/immunologie , Techniques de laboratoire clinique , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Politique de santé , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , COVID-19 , Dépistage de la COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/immunologie , Erreurs de diagnostic , Angleterre , Humains , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale/immunologie , SARS-CoV-2 , Médecine d'État , Facteurs tempsRésumé
Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease are among those individuals at increased risk for developing more serious forms of Covid-19. This increased risk starts in the pre-dialysis phase of the disease. Providing useful information for these patients, in language that facilitates the understanding of the disease, can help nephrologists and other healthcare professionals to establish a more effective communication with these patients and help minimize contagion and the risks of serious illness in this population.
Sujets)
Betacoronavirus , Infections à coronavirus/prévention et contrôle , Pandémies/prévention et contrôle , Éducation du patient comme sujet/normes , Pneumopathie virale/prévention et contrôle , Insuffisance rénale chronique/complications , Activités de la vie quotidienne , COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/épidémiologie , Interventions chirurgicales non urgentes , Hygiène des mains/méthodes , Hygiène des mains/normes , Établissements de santé , Personnel de santé , Humains , Néphrologie/normes , Espace personnel , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/épidémiologie , Dialyse rénale , Facteurs de risque , SARS-CoV-2 , Évaluation des symptômesRésumé
Direct critical attack of the coronavirus on the alveoli and the excessive release of a large number of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, etc.) provides suitable conditions for the further development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe acute respiratory failure. Serious decrease in blood oxygenation often lead to the deterioration of macro- and microcirculation, irreversible brain damage and hence, persistent neurological and mental disorders despite background intensive therapy and adequate respiratory support. Therefore, the aim of our open prospective observational study was to investigate the neuroprotective and antioxidant effectiveness of montelukast-acetylcysteine combination therapy for brain protection in patients with COVID-19 viral pneumonia. A study was performed for five hundred seventy-eight (n=578) outpatients who were tested positive for novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by nasopharyngeal swap. The median age of patients was 62±17.45 years. In addition to clinical features and RT-PCR results, chest CT and chest X-ray (CXR) with high sensitivity were also very helpful for the early identification of viral pneumonia and COVID-19 disease assessment. Considering the severity of Covid-19 pneumonia and the level of arterial oxygen saturation (transcutaneous hemoglobin oxygen saturation) on room air, all patients were divided into three major groups. Group 1 (n=288) consisted of patients with a mild shift in oxygen saturation (SpO2 ≥ 95%) and well-defined pulmonary lesions (within 1-2 segments) without concomitant diseases; the second group (Group 2, n=250) included patients with clinical manifestations of moderate severity associated with a current saturation of 90-95% (SpO2) and small pulmonary lesions on chest X-ray in the presence of concomitant diseases: arterial hypertension (stage III) or CHF (FC/NYHA-2), coronary heart disease or type 2 diabetes, cancer, tuberculosis, etc. Most of the patients in third group (Group 3, n=48), during imaging studies, showed bilateral lung affection with low and peripheral distribution (with both - either ground glass opacities or multiple pulmonary nodules) and cardiomegaly. The respiratory failure of stage II-III (current oxygen saturation SpO2 75-90%), high respiratory rate (≥25 per minute), hemodynamic impairment (BP≤100/60 mm Hg. Art., heart rate ≥125/min) were the most common objective clinical findings seen in this subset of patients. Laboratory changes included leukopenia less than 4.0x109/L or leukocytosis (≥10.0X109/L). Background respiratory support with low-flow oxygen therapy and combined pharmacotherapy, where, along with montelukast and acetylcysteine, patients were prescribed a cephalosporin, a fluoroquinolone, an antifungal drug, a histamine blocker, an antiplatelet agent, a complex of B vitamins, led to a significant improvement in symptoms and laboratory parameters during the course of the disease. The mean values of the blood biomarkers (CRP - 21.46±4.43 mg/l, LDH - 410.71±40.63 U/l, procalcitonin - 1.08±0.31 ng/ml, and ferritin - 270.43±27.23 ng/ml) return to normal by the 20th day after the fever subsides. Laboratory parameters before and after treatment course showed statistically significant differences between variables (p<0.05). No patient in Group 3 received JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib and baricitinib), IL-6 (olokizumab), IL-17A (netakimab) and glucocorticosteroids, however, recovery rates were completely good. Assessment of the patient's neurological status (based on the NIHSS scores) revealed no signs of neurological changes. Thus, based on the data given, it can be concluded that the high efficacy of the acetylcysteine/montelukast combination (as neuroprotectors) in pneumonia caused by COVID-19 is due to the effect of drugs on key mechanisms of pathogenesis: reduction of oxidative stress as drugs (combination) ensuring the free radical scavenging; stimulation of glutathione synthesis; suppression of cytokine storm; reduction of bronchospasm, mucus secretion and airway edema; lowering of BBB permeability and the ability to improve cerebral microcirculatory perfusion in the presence of antiplatelet agents. In conclusion, the combination of montelukast and acetylcysteine may provide an effective, safe, multicomponent approach to the prevention of hypoxic brain injury in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Sujets)
COVID-19 , Diabète de type 2 , Pneumopathie virale , , Humains , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , COVID-19/complications , SARS-CoV-2 , Acétylcystéine , Antioxydants/usage thérapeutique , Diabète de type 2/complications , Interleukine-6 , Microcirculation , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , OxygèneRésumé
OBJECTIVE: To prevent and control public health emergencies, we set up a prescreening and triage workflow and analyzed the effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: In accordance with the requirements of the level 1 emergency response of public health emergencies in Shaanxi Province, China, a triage process for COVID-19 was established to guide patients through a 4-level triage process during their hospital visits. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positive COVID-19 nucleic acid testing according to the unified triage standards of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 4),4 issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. RESULTS: The screened rate of suspected COVID-19 was 1.63% (4 of 246) in the general fever outpatient clinic and 8.28% (13 of 157) in the COVID-19 outpatient clinic, and they showed a significant difference (P = .00). CONCLUSIONS: The triage procedure effectively screened the patients and identified the high-risk population.
Sujets)
Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/prévention et contrôle , Prévention des infections/méthodes , Pandémies/prévention et contrôle , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/prévention et contrôle , Triage/statistiques et données numériques , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Chine , Infections à coronavirus/complications , Fièvre/virologie , Hôpitaux/statistiques et données numériques , Humains , Dépistage de masse , Pneumopathie virale/complications , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne , Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujet , SARS-CoV-2 , Évaluation des symptômes , Triage/méthodes , Triage/normes , Flux de travauxRésumé
Chest computed tomography (CT) becomes an effective tool to assist the diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide, using the computed-aided diagnosis technique for COVID-19 classification based on CT images could largely alleviate the burden of clinicians. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Feature Selection guided Deep Forest (AFS-DF) for COVID-19 classification based on chest CT images. Specifically, we first extract location-specific features from CT images. Then, in order to capture the high-level representation of these features with the relatively small-scale data, we leverage a deep forest model to learn high-level representation of the features. Moreover, we propose a feature selection method based on the trained deep forest model to reduce the redundancy of features, where the feature selection could be adaptively incorporated with the COVID-19 classification model. We evaluated our proposed AFS-DF on COVID-19 dataset with 1495 patients of COVID-19 and 1027 patients of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). The accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), AUC, precision and F1-score achieved by our method are 91.79%, 93.05%, 89.95%, 96.35%, 93.10% and 93.07%, respectively. Experimental results on the COVID-19 dataset suggest that the proposed AFS-DF achieves superior performance in COVID-19 vs. CAP classification, compared with 4 widely used machine learning methods.
Sujets)
Betacoronavirus , Techniques de laboratoire clinique/statistiques et données numériques , Infections à coronavirus/imagerie diagnostique , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/imagerie diagnostique , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Tomodensitométrie/statistiques et données numériques , COVID-19 , Dépistage de la COVID-19 , Biologie informatique , Infections à coronavirus/classification , Bases de données factuelles/statistiques et données numériques , Apprentissage profond , Humains , , Pandémies/classification , Pneumopathie virale/classification , Interprétation d'images radiographiques assistée par ordinateur/statistiques et données numériques , Radiographie thoracique/statistiques et données numériques , SARS-CoV-2Résumé
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that causes COVID-19 infection, has recently emerged and caused a deadly pandemic. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality rate in older adults and those with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A significant percentage of older American adults have these diseases, putting them at a higher risk of infection. Additionally, many adults with hypertension, diabetes, and CKD are placed on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Studies have shown that these medications upregulate the ACE-2 receptor, the very receptor that the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses to enter host cells. Although it has been hypothesized that this may cause a further increased risk of infection, more studies on the role of these medications in COVID-19 infections are necessary. In this review, we discuss the transmission, symptomatology, and mortality of COVID-19 as they relate to older adults, and possible treatments that are currently under investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:926-929, 2020.
Sujets)
Infections à coronavirus , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale , Sujet âgé , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/mortalité , Infections à coronavirus/physiopathologie , Infections à coronavirus/thérapie , Humains , Essais contrôlés non randomisés comme sujet , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/mortalité , Pneumopathie virale/physiopathologie , Pneumopathie virale/thérapie , Facteurs de risque , SARS-CoV-2Sujets)
Infections à coronavirus , Personnel de santé , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale , Soins de santé primaires , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/mortalité , Infections à coronavirus/transmission , Épidémies de maladies , Humains , Transmission de maladie infectieuse du patient au professionnel de santé , Iran/épidémiologie , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/épidémiologie , Pneumopathie virale/mortalité , Pneumopathie virale/transmission , SARS-CoV-2Sujets)
Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Services des urgences médicales/normes , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Maladies asymptomatiques , COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/complications , Infections à coronavirus/imagerie diagnostique , Toux/étiologie , Diagnostic différentiel , Dyspnée/étiologie , Femelle , Humains , Pneumopathie virale/complications , Pneumopathie virale/imagerie diagnostique , Facteurs de risque , Suisse , TomodensitométrieSujets)
Facteurs âges , Comorbidité , Infections à coronavirus/thérapie , Fragilité , Pneumopathie virale/thérapie , Allocation des ressources , Sujet âgé , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Prise de décision clinique , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Humains , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , SARS-CoV-2Résumé
INTRODUCTION: The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has exposed vulnerable populations to an unprecedented global health crisis. The knowledge gained from previous human coronavirus outbreaks suggests that pregnant women and their fetuses are particularly susceptible to poor outcomes. The objective of this study was to summarize the clinical manifestations and maternal and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 during pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched databases for all case reports and series from 12 February to 4 April 2020. Multiple terms and combinations were used including COVID-19, pregnancy, maternal mortality, maternal morbidity, complications, clinical manifestations, neonatal morbidity, intrauterine fetal death, neonatal mortality and SARS-CoV-2. Eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed publications written in English or Chinese and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or dual fluorescence PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unpublished reports, unspecified date and location of the study or suspicion of duplicate reporting, cases with suspected COVID-19 that were not confirmed by a laboratory test, and unreported maternal or perinatal outcomes were excluded. Data on clinical manifestations, maternal and perinatal outcomes including vertical transmission were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen articles reporting data from 108 pregnancies between 8 December 2019 and 1 April 2020 were included in the current study. Most reports described women presenting in the third trimester with fever (68%) and coughing (34%). Lymphocytopenia (59%) with elevated C-reactive protein (70%) was observed and 91% of the women were delivered by cesarean section. Three maternal intensive care unit admissions were noted but no maternal deaths. One neonatal death and one intrauterine death were also reported. CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of mothers were discharged without any major complications, severe maternal morbidity as a result of COVID-19 and perinatal deaths were reported. Vertical transmission of the COVID-19 could not be ruled out. Careful monitoring of pregnancies with COVID-19 and measures to prevent neonatal infection are warranted.
Sujets)
Betacoronavirus/isolement et purification , Césarienne/statistiques et données numériques , Infections à coronavirus , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse , COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/complications , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/épidémiologie , Infections à coronavirus/physiopathologie , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Transmission verticale de maladie infectieuse/statistiques et données numériques , Mortalité maternelle , Pandémies/statistiques et données numériques , Mortalité périnatale , Pneumopathie virale/complications , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/épidémiologie , Pneumopathie virale/physiopathologie , Grossesse , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/mortalité , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/physiopathologie , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse/virologie , Issue de la grossesse , SARS-CoV-2Résumé
Switzerland is among the countries with the highest number of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases per capita in the world. There are likely many people with undetected SARS-CoV-2 infection because testing efforts are currently not detecting all infected people, including some with clinical disease compatible with COVID-19. Testing on its own will not stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Testing is part of a strategy. The World Health Organization recommends a combination of measures: rapid diagnosis and immediate isolation of cases, rigorous tracking and precautionary self-isolation of close contacts. In this article, we explain why the testing strategy in Switzerland should be strengthened urgently, as a core component of a combination approach to control COVID-19.
Sujets)
Traçage des contacts , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/prévention et contrôle , Épidémies de maladies/prévention et contrôle , Isolement du patient , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/prévention et contrôle , Surveillance de la santé publique , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/épidémiologie , Humains , Dépistage de masse , Pneumopathie virale/épidémiologie , Quarantaine , SARS-CoV-2 , Suisse/épidémiologieSujets)
Betacoronavirus/physiologie , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , ARN viral/isolement et purification , Charge virale , Excrétion virale , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Betacoronavirus/pathogénicité , COVID-19 , Chine , Infections à coronavirus/virologie , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale/virologie , SARS-CoV-2Résumé
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to conduct a follow-up investigation of 10 asymptomatic patients at diagnosis among the 98 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported in Busan between February 21, 2020 and March 13, 2020 to determine whether asymptomatic infection and transmission during asymptomatic period are possible. METHODS: The study analyzed 10 asymptomatic, confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine whether asymptomatic infection is possible. We conducted in-depth interviews with patients and guardians; interviews with primary physicians; review of medical records and drug utilization review (DUR) reports; and base station-based location tracking. RESULTS: Among the 98, confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Busan, the study analyzed 10 (10.2%) asymptomatic patients at diagnosis. The results confirmed that two (2.0%) patients reported to be asymptomatic during the initial epidemiological investigation, but turned symptomatic before diagnosis as per the in-depth interview results. Four cases (4.0%) of early detection led to confirmed diagnosis during the incubation period and presentation of symptoms after diagnosis. In addition, the remaining four patients (4.0%), having no subjective symptoms nor specific findings on chest radiography and computed tomography, remained asymptomatic until the isolation order was lifted. With regard to whether transmission during the asymptomatic period is possible, it was found that one out of 23 household contacts of the confirmed patients was identified as an additional confirmed case after coming in close contact with an index patient during the presymptomatic period. CONCLUSIONS: Among the 98 confirmed cases, asymptomatic infection was confirmed in four cases (4.0%). In addition, there was one additional confirmed case in which the patient was a family member who came in close contact with an index patient during the incubation period, thereby confirming that transmission during the asymptomatic period is possible. The possibility of transmission during the asymptomatic period has been confirmed; therefore, it is necessary to review the measures for expanding contact tracing that is currently being applied starting one day prior to the onset of symptoms.
Sujets)
Maladies asymptomatiques/épidémiologie , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/transmission , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/transmission , Adulte , Sujet âgé , COVID-19 , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Traçage des contacts , Infections à coronavirus/épidémiologie , Femelle , Études de suivi , Humains , Mâle , Dossiers médicaux , Adulte d'âge moyen , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale/épidémiologie , République de Corée/épidémiologie , Jeune adulteRésumé
OBJECTIVE: In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory infection is spreading in Korea. In order to prevent the spread of an infectious disease, infected people must be quickly identified and isolated, and contact with the infected must be blocked early. This study attempted to verify the intervention effects on the spread of an infectious disease by using these measures in a mathematical model. METHODS: We used the susceptible-infectious-recovery (SIR) model for a virtual population group connected by a special structured network. In the model, the infected state (I) was divided into I in which the infection is undetected and Ix in which the infection is detected. The probability of transitioning from an I state to Ix can be viewed as the rate at which an infected person is found. We assumed that only those connected to each other in the network can cause infection. In addition, this study attempted to evaluate the effects of isolation by temporarily removing the connection among these people. RESULTS: In Scenario 1, only the infected are isolated; in Scenario 2, those who are connected to an infected person and are also found to be infected are isolated as well. In Scenario 3, everyone connected to an infected person are isolated. In Scenario 3, it was possible to effectively suppress the infectious disease even with a relatively slow rate of diagnosis and relatively high infection rate. CONCLUSION: During the epidemic, quick identification of the infected is helpful. In addition, it was possible to quantitatively show through a simulation evaluation that the management of infected individuals as well as those who are connected greatly helped to suppress the spread of infectious diseases.
Sujets)
Techniques de laboratoire clinique/statistiques et données numériques , Infections à coronavirus/diagnostic , Infections à coronavirus/prévention et contrôle , Épidémies/prévention et contrôle , Pandémies/prévention et contrôle , Isolement du patient/statistiques et données numériques , Pneumopathie virale/diagnostic , Pneumopathie virale/prévention et contrôle , COVID-19 , Dépistage de la COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/épidémiologie , Infections à coronavirus/transmission , Humains , Modèles théoriques , Pneumopathie virale/épidémiologie , Pneumopathie virale/transmission , République de Corée/épidémiologieRésumé
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a highly contagious RNA virus termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ophthalmologists are at high-risk due to their proximity and short working distance at the time of slit-lamp examination. Eye care professionals can be caught unaware because conjunctivitis may be one of the first signs of COVID-19 at presentation, even precluding the emergence of additional symptoms such as dry cough and anosmia. Breath and eye shields as well as N95 masks, should be worn while examining patients with fever, breathlessness, or any history of international travel or travel from any hotspot besides maintaining hand hygiene. All elective surgeries need to be deferred. Adults or children with sudden-onset painful or painless visual loss, or sudden-onset squint, or sudden-onset floaters or severe lid oedema need a referral for urgent care. Patients should be told to discontinue contact lens wear if they have any symptoms of COVID-19. Cornea retrieval should be avoided in confirmed cases and suspects, and long-term preservation medium for storage of corneas should be encouraged. Retinal screening is unnecessary for coronavirus patients taking chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as the probability of toxic damage to the retina is less due to short-duration of drug therapy. Tele-ophthalmology and artificial intelligence should be preferred for increasing doctor-patient interaction.