ABSTRACT
In-silico Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) significantly relies on cybernetic screening of Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) as a prime source of bioactive compounds/ drug leads due to their unique chemical structural scaffolds and distinct functional characteristic features amenable to drug design and development. In the Post-COVID-Era a large number of publications have focused on PBNPs. Moreover, PBNPs still remain as an ideal source of novel therapeutic agents of GRAS standard. However, a well-structured, in-depth ADME/Tox profile with deeper dimensions of PBNPs has been lacking for many of natural pharma lead molecules that hamper successful exploitation of PBNPs. In the present study, ADMET-informatics of Octadecanoic Acid (Stearic Acid - SA) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves has been envisaged to predict ADMET and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) outcomes. This work contributes to the deeper understanding of SA as major source of drug lead from Moringa oleifera with immense therapeutic potential. The data generated herein could be useful for the development of SA as plant based natural product lead (PBNPL) for drug development programs.
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Introduction: COVID-19 is a viral disease due to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. The patients show flu-like symptoms with a dry cough, sore throat, high fever, and breathing problems. This was conducted to assess the adverse effects after taking Covid 19 vaccines in general population of Kerala state. Methodology: About 353 participants were enrolled in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria for a period of November 2021 to April 2022. Data collection was done with structured questionnaire in google form. The data were analysed and reported using tables, pie diagram, bar diagrams and different charts forms. Results: Majority of patients enrolled in the study were vaccinated with 2 dosed of Covid vaccines. From 351 participants vaccinated with Covid 19 vaccine 249 experienced an AEFI. The most reported AEFI was fever, body pain and injection site reactions. From the results it was found that females had experienced more AEFI than males. Most of the participants from our study were vaccinated with Covishield and all participants taken Sputnik vaccine had experienced some adverse effects. Conclusion: The present study reveal that majority of people vaccinated by Covid 19 vaccines had experienced any kind of AEFIs. Majority of patients enrolled in the study were vaccinated with 2 dosed of Covid vaccines. The most reported AEFI was fever, body pain and injection site reactions. From the results it was found that females had experienced more AEFI than males.
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 cases in Indonesia have shown a fairly high increase in several regions and the morbidity rate is also increasing. This requires proper treatment, especially adequate treatment so that the cure rate is increasing. This study aims to get an overview of the experiences of volunteers in providing care to Covid-19 patients. The design used is descriptive phenomenology with in-depth interview method. Participants were volunteers from Health Polytechnic of Jakarta III who treated Covid-19 patients with a total of 12 participants obtained by purposive sampling. The data collected in the form of recorded interviews and field notes were analyzed using the Collaizi technique. The results of the study found that there were 7 (seven) themes, namely: (1) Covid 19 is an infectious disease that threatens life;(2) Nurses' feelings in caring for COVID-19 patients;(3) Supporting and inhibiting factors in treating Covid 19 patients;(4) Support of nurses and families for covid 19 patients;(5) The readiness of nurses in treating Covid-19 patients;Nursing services for COVID-19 patients;and (7) Efforts to prevent the transmission of Covid 19. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the needs of volunteers in providing nursing care to Covid 19 patients.
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and has caused a global pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 can experience symptoms such as fever, dry cough, headache, and shortness of breath which can lead to pneumonia. Excessive inflammation is considered a leading cause of critical illness and death in COVID-19 patients. C-Reactive Protein is a sensitive indicator as an early marker of infection and inflammation. This study presents an overview of the difference in the average CRP levels between patients with moderate and severe confirmed COVID-19 symptoms at UKI Hospital for June-September 2021. The study design was cross-sectional with descriptive and analytical data presentation obtained from medical record documents at UKI Hospital. The average CRP level of COVID-19 patients with moderate symptoms is 63,705 mg/L, totaling 139 patients. The average CRP level of COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms is 132,050 mg/L, totaling 57 patients. The results obtained from the Mann-Whitney test between groups of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 showed a significant difference between CRP levels with moderate and severe symptoms with p <0.05.
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 has impacted the lives of people in various aspects positive as well as negative. It has animpact on different areas of life, including the economy, industries, global markets, agriculture, human health, etc. The virus caused disruptions to daily life and restrictions on activities in many communities during its multiple outbreaks. Hope for a potential end to the pandemic emerged with the stepping up of vaccination campaigns. However, the continual appearance of mutant strains and vaccine hesitancy has been problems both nationally and internationally. People's normal activities, routines, and livelihoods have been disrupted by self-isolation and quarantine, potentially leading to an increase in loneliness, anxiety, depression, insomnia, excessive alcohol and drug use, and self-harm or suicidal activity. The psychological aspects of the post-covid-19 era are the effect of covid-19 on CNS, and physiological and psychological diseases caused due to covid-19. The article explains Post Trauma Stress Disorder as a psychological scar, Social evils arising due to covid-19, and predictive reasons for the increase in mental illness.
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Aromatic plants are one of the components of Cameroonian medicinal flora that seem to be an alternative to fight against the Covid-19 disease. The present study aims to establish chemical characterization of some aromatic plant organs used in the Douala IV sub-division during the COVID-19 pandemic. A semi-structured survey was carried out between September and December 2020 in order to identify aromatic plants used for health diseases during the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to their ethnobotanical index the selected plants were screened chemically through staining and precipitation methods to determine different bioactive compounds. Thirty-one (31) plant species belonging to 17 families were recorded with the dominated by Lamiaceae and Zingiberaceae being the dominant families and Ocimum gratissimum as the most cited species (28.57%) in the composition of recipes. Leaves (50.80%) were the most used organs to prepare the decoctions (33.33%) administered to patients orally. These plants were used in the treatment of 51 ailments diseases, notably malaria, cough and typhoid fever with 22, 21 and 12 citations respectively. Informant Consensus Factors (ICF) showed a relatively high agreement (0.75) for the use of species against respiratory diseases. Zingiber officinale, Citrus limon and Cymbopogon citratus had a good performance (Ip = 3) against cough, typhoid and malaria respectively. Extracts of aromatic plant organs were rich in alkaloids and phenolic compounds. These aromatic species showed their ability to treat respiratory and other infectious diseases, and could be an alternative to fight against Covid-19.
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COVID-19 pandemic turned into the proven existence-threatening virus in-line with World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency of International Concerned and our healthcare system found a challenge to save human civilization. This evaluation gives a brief idea of COVID-19 epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. Exclusive drugs like Dexamethasone and Remdesivir were found effective to treat the virus was covered in this review article. Pathophysiology of virus in the body of diabetes and cancer patients, there mechanism of action and risk involved in that patients were studied. This review turned to conduct on data found in science direct, various information sources on the internet and different review articles were studied. The major objective is to provide a brief overview of this disease, study infectious virus effect on human beings proves to be an existence-threat to the world population and brief overview of COVID-19 was covered in this review article.
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Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). At this point, COVID-19 remains the main health issue worldwide, including in Indonesia, with existing risk factors. Comorbidities, smoking, male sex, and the elderly are some of its biggest risk factors. Current data about COVID-19 patients with comorbidities in Indonesia were limited, so this study was made to present more data about the clinical profile of COVID- 19 with comorbidities. The descriptive retrospective method was used in this study with secondary data obtained from Christian University of Indonesia General Hospital medical records from January 2020 to December 2020 and aimed to describe the clinical profile of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. Among 156 samples of COVID-19 patients that were found in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 91 patients (58,3%) had at least one comorbidity. They were distributed based on sex, age group, clinical symptoms, type of comorbidity, and the number of comorbidities in each patient. Based on sex distribution, there were 46 male patients (50,5%) and 45 female patients (49,5%). The most prevalent age group was 50 - 54 years old, with 14 patients (15,4%). Fever with 88 patients (95,9%), cough with 86 patients (93,8%), and dyspnea with 55 patients (60,8%) were the most common clinical symptoms. The most common types of comorbidity were hypertension with 66 patients (72,5%), diabetes mellitus (DM) with 20 patients (22,0%), and obesity with 14 patients (15,4%). There were 58 patients (63,8%) with only one comorbidity and 33 patients (36,3%) with 2 comorbidities. Prompt identification of comorbidities, public enlightenment about comorbidities with other risk factors of COVID-19, and complying with health protocols are recommended to decrease the proportion of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities.
ABSTRACT
In-silico Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) often comprehends virtual screening (VS) of datasets of natural pharmaco-active compounds for drug discovery protocols. Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) still, remains to be a prime source of pharmaco-active compounds due to their unique chemical structural scaffolds and functionalities with distinct chemical characteristic feature from natural source that are much acquiescent to drug metabolism and kinetics. In the Post-COVID-Era number of publications pertaining to PBNPs and publicly accessible plant based natural product databases (PBNPDBs) has significantly increased. Moreover, PBNPs are important sources of inspiration or starting points to develop novel therapeutic agents. However, a well-structured, indepth ADME/Tox profile of PBNPs has been limited or lacking for many of such compounds, this hampers the successful exploitation of PBNPs by pharma industries. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties play key roles in the discovery/ development of drugs, pesticides, food additives, consumer products, and industrial chemicals. In the present study, ADMET-informatics of Tetradecanoic Acid (Myristic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves to predict drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) outcomes has been taken up. This work contributes to the deeper understanding of Myristic acid as major source of drug from commonly available medicinal plant - Moringa oleifera with immense therapeutic potential. The data generated herein could be useful for NP based lead generation programs.
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Revitalization of local health traditions (RLHT) has become an inevitable aspect of human wellbeing in the post COVID era. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out to collect information on local health traditions and cultural reflections associate with the age old use of wild edible fruits (WEFs) from common plants in Melur Region of Madurai district, TamilNadu, India as the habit of consuming WEFs is quite common among people in this region and has not been completely abandoned in particular among the age old people. Information presented in this paper has been gathered from local people using an integrated approach of botanical collections, group discussions and interviews with questionnaires during the period from Apr 2021 to Mar 2022. As much as 29 informants were interviewed, among the informants 6 were local health-care practitioners (Vidiyars). Studies on the use of WEFs from common plants in Melur resulted in collection and documentation of information on a total of 34 ethnomedicinal plant species distributed across 20 families. Medicinal plants used by local people are listed with scientific name, family, local name, plant part(s) used, mode of consumption and preparation and medicinal uses. Data collected during the study clearly indicates that fresh parts of the plant (Fruit (Ripe/ Unripe)) were more preferred in general for the preparation of medicinal formulations by the local health practitioners. Documented ethnomedicinal plants were mostly used to cure long term complications associated with diabetics, gastrointestinal disorders, skin diseases, poison bites and nervous disorders. Howsoever, results of this study is clear record to the claim that the local people still depend on medicinal plants to overcome situations like COVID pandemic as fruits from most of the plants documented serve as natural source of immune boosters. Further, in-depth studies (both In-silico and Pre Clinical trials) are expected to bring to limelight the hidden quantum of bioactive compounds in the fruits these medicinal plants and their therapeutic potential.
ABSTRACT
Background: Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new type of Coronavirus namely Sars-CoV-2 which is transmitted through close contact and droplets. Symptoms are acute respiratory disorders such as cough, shortness of breath and fever above 38 degrees C. Attitude change is a stimulus or stimulus received by a person, either in the form of a positive or negative response. Educational comics are pictures and writings that make up a story, then packaged into a book. The comic "Kitorang Lawan Corona" is more interesting for the readers.
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Objective: The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, spread very quickly in a short time and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy cause complications in respiratory tract infections. Complications by COVID-19 lead to a systemic effect that causes maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. In this study, we aimed to investigate histopathological changes and Ki-67 expression in placentas of women with positive COVID-19 infection. Study Design: Placentas of 10 samples COVID-19 positive and 10 samples Covid-19 negative pregnant patients who were hospitalized in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine were included in the study. Placental tissues were fixed in 10% formaldehyde (24 hours) and processed for routine paraffin wax tissue staining. Hematoxylin Eosin dye and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining were performed.
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Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) have been subject of interest since ancient time due to their use in food, industrial and biomedical applications. Research attention has further augmented to explore their phytochemical composition, properties, and potential application in the post-COVID era. In the present study phytochemical screening has been carried out with Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera (MLEMO) followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Phytochemical analysis of MLEMO revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Coumarins, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Phenol, Proteins, Quinones, Saponins, Steroids, Tannins and Terpenoids. Further, GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 41 compounds of which Dihydroxyacetone;Monomethyl malonate;4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro- 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl;1,3-Propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl);Propanoic acid, 2- methyl-, octyl ester;3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone;Sorbitol;Inositol;Cyclohexanemethanol, alpha-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl), Hexadecanoic acid, Methyl palmitate;n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid);9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester;Phytol;9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid;Octadecanoic acid;9-Octadecenamide were prominent. Most of the compounds in the list are bioactive and possess medicinal properties that are expected to serve as a baseline lead for the development of therapeutic agents.
ABSTRACT
Background: A Corona virus pandemic now has had a huge impact on quality of life all around the world. People's mental health has been affected by quarantine. The economic delays could have long term impacts on the psychology of students as they are more likely to be graduated later than they have expected. The number of factors contributed to gravitate the psychological disturbances including online education, financial worries and academic pressure. Aims and Objectives: This Study was to determine the level of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. Furthermore, to see if there's a correlation between demographic profile and the DASS-21. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the healthcare students using DASS-21 which included a conventional DASS questionnaire along with demographic characteristics. A Google form link was shared through social media-WhatsApp and E-mail and data was collected and analyzed using excel sheet to examine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among students.
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Background: Unani System of Medicine (USM) is one of the traditional systems of medicine practiced in India and the Indian subcontinent. It is a holistic system of health care based on inceptive principles applied by Hippocrates, Galen, and Ibn-e-Sina, the founders of present-day medicine. USM encompasses a distinct way of looking at the human body and it considers health to be the result of natural dynamic harmonious balance within the body. USM also recognizes the presence of inherent wisdom which is responsible for controlling all physiological functions, maintenance of health, restoration of health, and self-healing. This intrinsic ability of the body to restore health and the mechanism that activates the body's healing process is called Tabi'at/ physis. The ultimate goal of prevention of disease can be obtained by optimization of tabi'at/physis, increasing the host defense. It can be achieved through the implication of asbab-e-sitta zarooriyah which includes some Unani Regimenal Therapies also, fostering change in lifestyle habits resulting in good health. Aims: In this raging pandemic all the therapeutic strategies are based on destroying the agent, breaking the means of transmission and immunization. Although we are leaving behind a huge gap in maintaining the host defense even though it has a crucial role in disease dynamics. In this paper, we have attempted to highlight the concept of tabi'at/Physis and its optimization to prevent this disease and its transmission.
ABSTRACT
Neem (Azadirachta indica) a member of Meliaceae plays an immense role in human health and disease which is attributed to its composition of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites (BASM). It has been widely used in Indian Traditional Systems of Medicine that includes Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and other Folklore Systems of Medicine practiced in the Indian Subcontinent for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Current global health perspectives and medical practice in the post COVID era has no other way but to seek to merge alternative systems of medicine with evidence-based therapeutic aspects for a better understanding of the metabolic process and its effects in the human body. The studies based on animal model established that neem and its chief constituents play pivotal role in anticancer management through the modulation of various molecular pathways including p53, pTEN, NF-B, PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2, and VEGF. Besides, NEEM plays a vital role in the management of diabetics and its associated long term complication through ROS scavenging and ameliorative potentials to restore oxidative injury/inhibit enzymes linked to. Overall NEEM is considered as GRAS medicinal plant that modulates metabolic inflammations without side effects. Though it has been confirmed that neem and its constituents play role in the scavenging of free radical and prevention of disease pathogenesis, a clear scientific basis of its pharmacoinformatics is still lacking. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of the fractions revealed the presence of 62 metabolites.
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Unani System of Medicine is also known as Greco-Arabic medicine, and developed into an elaborate scientific medical system by Arab and Persian physicians, such as Rhazes (850-925AD), Avicenna (980-1037AD), Al-Zahrawi and Ibn Nafis. It is practiced in India since eighth century AD and is a recognized Indian traditional system of medicine with good infrastructure for education;research and manufacturing unitswhich are well regulated by the Government. In Unani medicine there are well developed pharmacopeia and pharmaceutical processings for single & compound formulations for the treatment of several local and systemic ailments. The most important formulation among various Unani formulations is Sharbat-e-Unnab, a Unani pharmaceutical preparation acting as Dafa-e-Sual (antitussive), Khashunat-e-Halaq (sore throat), Musaffi-e-Khoon (blood purifier), Musakkin-e-Hiddat-e-Khoon (suppressive blood heat) etc. Unnab (Ziziphus jujuba Mill./Jujube) fruit is the main ingredient of the formulation. Unnab is also an ingredient of Unani Joshanda which has been recommended for relief in upper respiratory tract symptoms in mild cases of COVID-19. Few scientific studies related to Sharbat Unnab have been conducted in problems like Acne vulgaris and Primary Hypertension. Apart from this Unnab, the main ingredient has also been studied for its antioxidant and anti-cancerous activities. This formulation is being used by Unani physicians since time immemorial. Therefore, this paper will describe the brief review of the formulation along with its ingredient.
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On 31 December 2019, pneumonia of unknown cause was detected in Wuhan, China, and was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China. On 30 January 2020, the outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. It was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and got spread across China and beyond. WHO officially named the disease - Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on February 12, 2020. It has been spreading worldwide for a period of atleast a year & half. This review article addresses the current scenario caused by the SARS- Co V along with the treatment protocols and ongoing vaccines.
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Science has uncovered much about SARS-CoV-2 and made extraordinary and unprecedented progress on the development of COVID-19 vaccines, but there is still great uncertainty as the pandemic continues to evolve. We are simply moving to a new phase of the pandemic. Tiryaq Wabai, is on the polyherbal medicine used for centuries by Unani doctors as preventative medicine in epidemics. It consists of three ingredients: Sibr (Aloe barbadensis), Zafran (Crocus sativus), and Mur-Makki (Commiphora myrrh). All the three ingredients of Tiryaq Wabai have various pharmacological activities like immunomodulatory, antitussive, expectorant, and antiviral activity which provide a strong basis for its prophylactic use for covid-19 infection. Further, research on this important prophylactic Unani formulation Tiryaq Wabai in Covid-19 is the need of the hour.
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The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals in each and every field of life. The rapid spread of the disease to nearly all parts of the country has posed enormous health, economic, environmental and social challenges to the entire human population. In the absence of any effective drugs and vaccines for treatment, social distancing and Wearing mask are important measures. But these measures were not followed properly so Lockdown was among one of the options suggested by World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce spread of the virus. On March 22, 2020 In India world's largest COVID lockdown came into existence. In this lockdown there was a kind of fear different theories of virus spread were in existence. So People have to change their lifestyle. Cinema hall, resurents were closed online food delivery system was also under suspicion so it was a question how to adopt healthy food habit and keep healthy to himself. In this critical time application of ayurvedic principles and follow them properly was a heat of hope.