Your browser doesn't support javascript.
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 15.706
Filtrar
Adicionar filtros

Intervalo de ano
1.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-4101167.v1

RESUMO

Studies on mental health rates among primary school children are still limited particularly related to psychological trauma and its relationship to other mental health challenges. This is the first cross-sectional study examining the rates of trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive, and anxiety symptoms in primary school children before covid-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Two hundred and twenty-one students participated in this study. They were recruited from four primary schools that volunteered to participate in the study. PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Child PTSD Symptoms Scale-5 (CPSS-5), The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale version (CESD) and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) were used to survey psychological symptoms. Most of the students, or 54.3% of them, have experienced at least one traumatic event. Of 221 students, 39.4% reported having PTSD symptoms, 38% reported having depressive symptoms and 19% reported having anxiety symptoms. Female students were more likely to report PTSD symptoms compared to male students. The first regression analysis model showed that only depressive symptoms were significant predictors for PTSD. In the second model, religion, family income, anxiety and PTSD symptoms were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. In the third model, only depressive symptoms were significant predictors of anxiety. Findings, limitations, research future directions and recommendations were discussed.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Ferimentos e Lesões , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , COVID-19
2.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-4094620.v1

RESUMO

Background. In Canada, multiple studies reported an increase in youth-reported anxiety, depression, and substance use over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the country has decreased restrictions, it is important to consider public health planning for future pandemics and emergencies, in light of the associated youth mental health and substance use burden. To prevent youth from falling further behind, we need to focus on public health planning recommendations to optimize Canada’s future response. The objective of the study was to generate concrete, youth-derived recommendations for government, policymakers, and service planners to support public health planning for the next pandemic or public health emergency. Methods. Using a virtual, modified Delphi, Youth Delphi Expert Panel Members rated recommendation items over three rounds, with the option to create their own recommendations items. “Consensus” was defined a priori if ≥ 70% of the entire group, or subgroups of youth (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, gender and sexual identities), rated items at a 6 or 7 (on a 7-point Likert scale). Items that did not achieve consensus were dropped in subsequent rounds. Content analysis was used for qualitative responses in Rounds 1 and 2. Youth were engaged as members of an expert advisory committee throughout the design, implementation, and interpretation of findings. Results. A total of n=40 youth participated in Round 1 with good retention (>95%) in subsequent rounds. Youth endorsed eleven recommendations to support public health planning for the next pandemic or public health emergency. Youth prioritized easily accessible, clear, and understandable information about pandemics; and equitably and efficiently distributed vaccines. They also prioritized increased awareness of timely and accessible mental health and substance use services in schools, workplaces and communities; greater investment in free or inexpensive MHSU services; and health professionals and scientists leading pandemic-related policy decisions. Conclusions. For Canada to move forward in a relevant, efficient, and ethically sound manner, decisions must be guided by the population that these decisions affect. These recommendations can be used to guide Canada’s strategies and policies to prepare for future public health emergencies and pandemics, prioritizing the needs of youth, families/caregivers, and communities.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Transtorno Depressivo , Emergências
3.
authorea preprints; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-AUTHOREA PREPRINTS | ID: ppzbmed-10.22541.au.170992488.81272218.v1

RESUMO

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of long COVID infections and their influencing factors among primary HCWs after epidemic control policy adjustment in Jiangsu. Methods: : A self-designed questionnaire was administered through on-site surveys among primary HCWs in five counties and districts within Jiangsu Province from July 4 to July 20, 2023. Results: : The prevalence of long COVID among primary HCWs stood at 12.61% (95% confidence interval (CI) of 11.67%-13.55%). The most common long COVID symptoms were hypomnesia (4.90%), sleep difficulties (2.73%), fatigue (2.35%), disturbances in the reproductive system (1.93%), hair loss (1.85%), and myalgia/arthralgia (1.51%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that older age groups (30-45 years (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) =1.93, 95%CI: 1.44-2.58), 45-60 years (aOR=2.82, 95%CI: 2.07-3.84)), females (aOR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.03-1.55), and higher work stress (high stress (aOR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.24-1.86), extremely high stress (aOR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.03-1.82)) were more prone to long COVID. Conversely, individuals with educational attainment below the bachelor’s degree (aOR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.55-0.82) and those who received four or more doses of the COVID-19 vaccine (aOR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.33-0.92) were at a reduced risk. Conclusion: To mitigate the incidence of long COVID, healthcare providers and authorities should implement effective measures, including optimizing work-rest schedules and actively advocating for vaccination.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Fadiga , Artralgia , Mialgia
4.
arxiv; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-ARXIV | ID: ppzbmed-2403.05704v1

RESUMO

Network diffusion models are used to study things like disease transmission, information spread, and technology adoption. However, small amounts of mismeasurement are extremely likely in the networks constructed to operationalize these models. We show that estimates of diffusions are highly non-robust to this measurement error. First, we show that even when measurement error is vanishingly small, such that the share of missed links is close to zero, forecasts about the extent of diffusion will greatly underestimate the truth. Second, a small mismeasurement in the identity of the initial seed generates a large shift in the locations of expected diffusion path. We show that both of these results still hold when the vanishing measurement error is only local in nature. Such non-robustness in forecasting exists even under conditions where the basic reproductive number is consistently estimable. Possible solutions, such as estimating the measurement error or implementing widespread detection efforts, still face difficulties because the number of missed links are so small. Finally, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations on simulated networks, and real networks from three settings: travel data from the COVID-19 pandemic in the western US, a mobile phone marketing campaign in rural India, and in an insurance experiment in China.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Ductos Biliares , COVID-19
5.
preprints.org; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-PREPRINTS.ORG | ID: ppzbmed-10.20944.preprints202403.0246.v1

RESUMO

HIV early detection (CD4 counts ≥350 cells/μL) is correlated with higher life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Several factors including physical, cultural, structural, and financial barriers have contributed to HIV late detection. This is the first-of-its-kind study on the regional differences in early detection of HIV within Tajikistan and any country in the Central Asia region. Utilizing Tajikistan Ministry of Health's national HIV data (N=10,700) spanning 2010 to 2023, we developed median regression models with median CD4 cell count as the outcome and as predictors: time (years), region, age, gender, and area (urban/rural status). Individuals younger than 19 years old are more likely to be detected early for HIV, whereas those older than 39 years are more prone to late detection. Given their active engagement in age-related and sexual activities, those older than 39 years face a higher risk of HIV transmission to others if diagnosed late. Therefore, they require further attention and targeted interventions. Females are detected earlier compared to their male counterparts, regardless of region of residence. Rural populations are detected earlier in most years compared to their urban counterparts. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated HIV early detection in 2021 but most regions have returned to near pre-pandemic levels of detection in 2022 and 2023. These fluctuations in early detection may signify a shift in attention and resource allocation, potentially affecting efforts to address access gaps during the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are significant health inequities among different demographic and geographic groups which warrant further attention.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV
6.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3991602.v1

RESUMO

Background This study explores post-COVID-19 psychological challenges in a 31-year-old female patient—manifesting as Anxiety, fatigue, weakness, irritability, anger, and concentration issues. The treatment approach combines SSRI and Clonazepam medications with Shirodhara therapy using Balashwagandhadi taila, presenting a novel and comprehensive intervention strategy.Methods The patient was evaluated using recognized scales, such as HAM-A, HDRS, PHQ-9, and QOL. Additionally, monitoring serum cortisol levels served as a potential physiological marker. The integrative treatment approach addresses psychological symptoms and potential underlying physiological mechanisms.Results Significant improvement is observed across various domains, evidenced by reduced HAM-A, HDRS, and PHQ-9 scores and enhanced QOL. Post-Shirodhara therapy, a notable increase in serum cortisol levels from 3.09 ug/dL to 11.76 ug/dL, suggesting a correlation with clinical improvements.Conclusion This case underscores Shirodhara's promising role as an adjunctive therapy for post-COVID-19 Anxiety and depression. Findings advocate further exploring integrative approaches in post-viral psychological care, emphasizing addressing psychological and potential physiological aspects for holistic recovery.


Assuntos
Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas , Debilidade Muscular , Transtornos Mentais , Transtornos de Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Fadiga
7.
medrxiv; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | medRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2024.02.21.24303099

RESUMO

Long-term COVID-19 complications are a globally pervasive threat, but their plausible social drivers are often not prioritized. Here, we use data from a multinational consortium to quantify the relative contributions of social and clinical factors to differences in quality of life among participants experiencing long COVID and measure the extent to which social variables impacts can be attributed to clinical intermediates, across diverse contexts. In addition to age, neuropsychological and rheumatological comorbidities, educational attainment, employment status, and female sex were identified as important predictors of long COVID-associated quality of life days (long COVID QALDs). Furthermore, a great majority of their impacts on long COVID QALDs could not be tied to key long COVID-predicting comorbidities, such as asthma, diabetes, hypertension, psychological disorder, and obesity. In Norway, 90% (95% CI: 77%, 100%) of the effect of belonging to the highest versus lowest educational attainment quintile was not attributed to intermediate comorbidity impacts. The same was true for 86% (73%, 100%) of the protective effects of full-time employment versus all other employment status categories (excluding retirement) in the UK and 74% (46%,100%) of the protective effects of full-time employment versus all other employment status categories in a cohort of four middle-income countries (MIC). Of the effects of female sex on long COVID QALDs in Norway, UK, and the MIC cohort, 77% (46%,100%), 73% (52%, 94%), and 84% (62%, 100%) were unexplained by the clinical mediators, respectively. Our findings highlight that socio-economic proxies and sex may be as predictive of long COVID QALDs as commonly emphasized comorbidities and that broader structural determinants likely drive their impacts. Importantly, we outline a multi-method, adaptable causal machine learning approach for evaluating the isolated contributions of social disparities to long COVID quality of life experiences.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas , Asma , Obesidade , COVID-19 , Hipertensão
8.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3976375.v1

RESUMO

Background:The advent of COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected women’s life and livelihoods. In the past decade, the promotion of family planning contributed to reduced poverty and averted poor maternal and child outcomes. There is evidence that these gains may be threatened by social restrictions following COVID-19 outbreak. Methods:We used data from a longitudinal survey collected by the Performance Monitoring Accountability in Burkina Faso. Data were collected over one-year period, from before (November 2019–February 2020) and during (November 2020–February 2021) COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluate changes in reproductive outcomes with respect to changes in health and economic circumstances as well as sociodemographic conditions among 1372 women aged 15-49 at risk of pregnancy and potential contraceptive users. Bivariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression were performed to examine correlates of reproductive outcomes. Results:Half (52%) of women did not change their reproductive status. While, 29% had childbearing, 19% started using a contraceptive method. In the multivariate analysis, childbearing was relatively higher among women exposed to family planning promotion, healthcare utilization, but relatively lower among those employed without cash paid and those who experienced household income loss. As of contraception, women exposed to family planning promotion were also associated with a relatively higher contraceptive use while concerns about getting COVID-19 infection had the opposite effect. Conclusion:After a year period of COVID-19 outbreak, contraceptive adoption increased significantly, but at a slower pace which was not enough to reduce childbearing. The most vulnerable women may remain at greater risk of unintended pregnancies and poor maternal and child outcomes. Therefore, family planning programs should direct their efforts into combatting misinformation and reaching out women in communities in the context of COVID-19 restrictions.


Assuntos
COVID-19
9.
medrxiv; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | medRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2024.02.18.24302492

RESUMO

Background There were many unknowns for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of these could have been silent however lethal and anemic conditions could escalate the worsening of pregnancy outcomes. Existing evidence indicate that, array of factors is associated with the ability of compromising maternal anemia, some directly and others indirectly. Objective This review aimed at ascertaining the pooled effect of several anemia interventions. Specifically, the aim of this study was to establish if pregnancy status is associated with COVID-19 severity characterized by a cytokine storm. Methods We searched the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to studies suitable for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Studies examining women of reproductive age on any maternal anemia intervention were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs, which were depicted using forest plots. Quantitative variables were summarized in total numbers and percentages. The effect on prevention, control, management and or treatment of anemia was calculated and compared between the intervention and the comparator arms. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the Cochran Q statistic and Higgins test. Results A total of 11 articles including data for 6,129 were included. With sensitivity analysis, the interventions had a utility of 39% on maternal anemia prevention and management (random effects model RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43, 0.87; P = 0.006) (X-squared 6=286.98, P<.00001; I-squared=97%). All the interventions against maternal anemia showed an effect of 17% (fixed-effect model RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.79-0.88; P<.00001) (X-squared 7;24=2.93, P=0.57;I-squared = 0%). Education to pregnant women showed a 28% effect (RR 0.72 95% CI 0.58, 0.89), medicinal administration 19% (RR 0.81 95% CI 0.73, 0.90), iron supplementation 17% (RR 0.83 95% CI 0.75, 0.92) and I.V Ferric Carboxy-maltose 15% (RR 0.85 95% CI 0.74, 0.97) (I-squared = 0%). Interventions in African region had a higher (16%) and significant effect compared to other regions (fixed-effects model RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.89; P<.001) (X-squared 7;25=176.53, P<.00001;I-squared = 7%). Multiple center studies had a significant predictive effect (16%) compared to single center studies (fixed-effects model RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79-0.89; P<.00001)(967;25=176.53, P<.00001; I-squared=97%) .The year 2020 recorded the highest effect of maternal anemia interventions at 28% (random-effects model RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.67-0.78; P<.00001) (967;23=167.34, P<.00001; I-squared =98%) Conclusion In the advent of COVID-19, maternal anemia interventions were compromised demonstrated by a low effectiveness trend from the year 2020 to the year 2022. During this period, even the most effective and recommended interventions against maternal anemia were somehow affected.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Anemia
10.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3970345.v1

RESUMO

Purpose The study aimed to investigate the potential influence of COVID-19 infection on embryo implantation and early development in women undergoing frozen embryo transfer(FET), with a specific focus on infections occurring at different periods around FET.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on women who had undergone FET during a period marked by a significant surge in COVID-19 infection in Shanghai. All enrolled women experienced their first documented COVID-19 infection around the time of FET, ensuring that infections did not occur prior to oocyte retrieval. Participants were categorized into six groups based on the timing of infection: uninfected, ≥ 60 days, < 60 days before FET, 0–14 days, 15–28 days, and 28–70 days after FET. Clinical outcomes were compared across these groups.Results The infection rate among the total of 709 cases was 78.28%. Infected individuals exhibited either asymptomatic or mild symptoms. The ongoing pregnancy rates for the first four groups were 40.7%, 44.4%, 40.5%, and 34.2% (P = 0.709) respectively, biochemical pregnancy rates (59.1% vs. 61.1% vs. 67.6% vs. 55.7%, P = 0.471) and clinical pregnancy rates (49.6% vs. 55.6% vs. 55.4% vs. 48.1%, P = 0.749), all showed no significant differences. Early spontaneous abortion rates across all six groups were 18.3%, 20.0%, 25.0%, 28.9%, 5.4%, and 19.0% respectively, with no significant differences (P = 0.113). Multivariable logistic analysis revealed no significant correlation between the infection and ongoing pregnancy.Conclusion Asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infections occurring around FET do not appear to have a significant adverse impact on early pregnancy outcomes.


Assuntos
COVID-19
11.
ClinicalTrials.gov; 19/02/2024; TrialID: NCT06278324
Clinical Trial Register | ICTRP | ID: ictrp-NCT06278324

RESUMO

Condition:

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection;Flu, Human;COVID-19;Common Cold

Intervention:

Device: Nasal Spray HSV Treatment

Primary outcome:

Performance of nasal spray in eliminating viruses

Criteria:


Inclusion Criteria:

- With early symptoms of respiratory infection (onset less than 48 hours before
inclusion) of mild to moderate intensity (TSS = 2 and < 9).

- Having a mobile phone allowing using the patient reported outcome App. (NursTrial®).

- Patient able to understand and comply with protocol requirements and instructions,
including answering a questionnaire on a mobile phone, as required by protocol.

- Signed informed consent.

- Affiliated to a French Health insurance scheme.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Concomitant disease or infection that could interfere with participation in the study:
acute ear, nose, and throat and respiratory tract disease other than the common cold,
flu or COVID (e.g., tonsillitis, otitis, bronchitis) and chronic sinusitis or allergic
rhinitis, or other reasons for nasal obstruction and other past or present conditions
and treatments that could influence symptom scores.

- Severe nasal septum deviation or other conditions that could cause nasal obstruction
such as the presence of nasal polyps.

- Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity, including history of allergies, to
any component investigational device material, any history of drug hypersensitivity.

- Concomitant treatment that might impair the trial results (i.e., decongestants, local
anesthetics, topical corticosteroids, saline solution) during the seven days prior to
inclusion.

- Smokers.

- Have a condition or is taking a medication that the Investigator and/or designee
believes could jeopardize the safety of the subject, would interfere with the
evaluation, or confound the interpretation of the study results.

- Non-compliant or may not respect the constraints imposed by the protocol.

- Enrolled in another clinical trial or being in a period of exclusion from a previous
clinical trial;

- Woman of childbearing age (except menopausal, hysterectomised, sterilized) not using
effective contraception (oral contraceptives, intra-uterine device, contraceptive
implant, or condoms).

- Person belonging to a population referred to in articles 64 (incapacitated subjects),
65 (minors), 66 (pregnant or breastfeeding women), 67 (persons performing mandatory
military service, persons deprived of liberty, persons who, due to a judicial
decision) and 68 (patients in emergency) of the Medical Device Regulation.


12.
medrxiv; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | medRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2024.02.17.24302973

RESUMO

Background: Kenya, like many countries, shuttered schools during COVID–19, with subsequent increases in poor mental health, sexual activity, and pregnancy. We sought to understand how the COVID–19 pandemic may mediate risk of reproductive tract infections. We hypothesized that greater COVID–19 related stress would mediate risk via mental health, feeling safe inside the home, and sexual exposure, given the pandemic mitigation–related impacts of school closures on these factors. Methods: We analyzed data from a cohort of 436 girls enrolled in secondary school in rural western Kenya. Baseline, 6–, 12–, and 18– month study visits occurred April 2018 – December 2019 (pre–COVID), and 30–, 36–, and 48– month study visits occurred September 2020 – July 2022 (COVID period). At study visits, participants self–completed a survey for sociodemographics and sexual practices, and provided self–collected vaginal swabs for Bacterial vaginosis (BV) testing, with STI testing at annual visits. COVID–related stress was measured with a standardized scale and dichotomized at highest quartile. Mixed effects modeling quantified how BV and STI changed over time, and longitudinal mediation analysis quantified how the relationship between COVID–19 stress and increased BV was mediated. Findings: BV and STI prevalence increased from 12.1% and 10.7% pre–COVID to 24.5% and 18.1% during COVID, respectively. This equated to a 26% (95% CI 1.00 – 1.59) and 36% (95% CI 0.98 – 1.88) increased relative prevalence of BV and STIs, respectively, in the COVID–19 period compared to pre–COVID, adjusted for numerous sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Higher COVID–related stress was associated with elevated depressive symptoms and feeling less safe inside the home, which were each associated with increased likelihood of having a boyfriend. In longitudinal mediation analyses, the direct effect of COVID–related stress on BV was small and non–significant, indicating increased BV was due to the constellation of factors that were impacted during the COVID pandemic. Conclusions: In this cohort of adolescent girls, BV and STIs increased following COVID–related school closures. These results highlight modifiable factors to help maintain sexual and reproductive health resiliency, such as anticipating and mitigating mental health impacts, domestic safety concerns, and maintaining sexual health services to prevent and treat reproductive tract infections.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtorno Depressivo , Vaginose Bacteriana
13.
medrxiv; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | medRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2024.02.16.24302967

RESUMO

Background: Non-consensual sex including rape and sexual assault has been a global concern and may have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, however the information on this topic is limited. Therefore, our objective was to survey the incidence rate of non-consensual sex among Japanese women aged 15-79 years between April to September 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.   Materials and Methods: We utilized the data obtained from a nationwide, cross-sectional internet survey conducted in Japan between August and September 2020. Sampling weights were applied to calculate national estimates, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with non-consensual sex. Data was extracted from a cross-sectional, web-based, self-administered survey of approximately 2.2 million individuals from the general public, including in men and women.   Results: Excluding men and responses with inconsistencies, the final analysis included 12,809 women participants, with 138 (1.1%) reporting experiencing non-consensual sex within a five-month period. Being aged 15–29 years and having a worsened mental or economic status were associated with experiencing non-consensual sex.   Conclusions: Early intervention to prevent individuals from becoming victims of sexual harm should be extended to economically vulnerable and young women, especially during times of societal upheaval such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Japan should prioritize the implementation of comprehensive education on the concept of sexual consent.


Assuntos
COVID-19
14.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3963204.v1

RESUMO

COVID-19 is genetically associated with numerous immune disorders, and young age at first intercourse (AFS) may lead to early activation of innate immunity. However, the genetic overlap between COVID-19 and AFS remains undetermined. Here we perform a large-scale cross-trait analysis to investigate their shared genetic etiology and causal relationship. An overall negative genetic correlation between the AFS and three COVID-19 traits was observed. We further identified 186, 221, and 213 shared genetic loci for AFS-COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and severity, respectively. Among these shared loci, those closest to the genes CADM2, and ARPC1B showed the strongest signals. Our post-GWAS functional analysis revealed that the shared mapped genes were mainly involved in neural genesis and development within several brain structures. Finally, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) results showed that earlier sexual debut may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and severity.


Assuntos
Traumatismos do Nervo Olfatório , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário , COVID-19
15.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3964500.v1

RESUMO

Background and Aim: There is increasing evidence that semen quality reflects the overall health status of individuals and is a marker of future health. In addition, reproductive hormones have significant regulatory effects on the immune system and the function of inflammatory cells. In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether baseline semen quality and serum reproductive hormone levels are potential indicators of susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)  infection. Methods: The medical records of a total of 1303 patients who underwent semen analysis and hormonal evaluation including total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL for infertility or other medical reasons were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 316 were determined to have previously been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in baseline hormone profile (FSH, LH, PRL, and total testosterone) and semen parameters between patients exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and non-exposed patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that baseline semen quality and serum reproductive hormone levels (total testosterone, PRL, FSH, and LH) are not indicators of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave
16.
biorxiv; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | bioRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2024.02.13.580120

RESUMO

RNA processing mechanisms, such as alternative splicing and RNA editing, have been recognized as critical means to expand the transcriptome. Chimeric RNAs formed by intergenic splicing provide another potential layer of RNA diversification. By analyzing a large set of RNA-Seq data and validating results in over 1,200 blood samples, we identified UBA1-CDK16, a female-specific chimeric transcript. Intriguingly, both parental genes, are expressed in males and females. Mechanistically, UBA1-CDK16 is produced by cis-splicing between the two adjacent X-linked genes, originating from the inactive X chromosome. A female-specific chromatin loop, formed between the junction sites, facilitates the alternative splicing of its readthrough precursor. This unique chimeric transcript exhibits evolutionary conservation, evolving to be female-specific from non-human primates to humans. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that UBA1-CDK16 is enriched in the myeloid lineage and plays a regulatory role in myeloid differentiation. Notably, female COVID-19 patients who tested negative for this chimeric transcript displayed higher counts of neutrophils, highlighting its potential role in disease pathogenesis. These findings support the notion that chimeric RNAs represent a new repertoire of transcripts that can be regulated independently from the parental genes, and a new class of RNA variance with potential implications in sexual dimorphism and immune responses.


Assuntos
COVID-19
17.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3958803.v1

RESUMO

No study has yet assessed the risk of developing erectile dysfunction (ED) after a diagnosis of long COVID-19, especially when compared to those diagnosed with only acute COVID or cases in which more severe treatment is required. To assess these risks, we queried the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network from December 1st 2020 through June 2023. Men aged ≥ 18 diagnosed with long COVID-19 were compared to those diagnosed with acute COVID-19 and analyses were performed to compare men who were/were not hospitalized within 1 month of acute COVID diagnosis and men who did/did not need vasopressors. Cohorts were propensity score matched and compared for differences in new ED diagnosis and/or prescription of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i). After propensity score matching, the long and acute COVID cohorts included 2839 men with an average age of 54.5±16.7 years and 55.1±17.1 respectively. Men with long COVID-19 were more likely to develop ED or be prescribed PDE5i (3.63%) when compared to men with only acute COVID-19 infections (2.61%) [RR 1.39; 95% CI 1.04, 1.87]. There was no statistically significant risk of developing ED or being prescribed PDE5i for individuals who received vasopressors [RR 0.922; 95% CI 0.774,1.098] or were hospitalized [RR 0.933; 95% CI 0.824,1.056].


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Disfunção Erétil
18.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3959139.v1

RESUMO

Background Stigma, lack of trust in authorities and poor knowledge can prevent health-seeking behaviour, worsen physical and mental health, and undermine efforts to control transmission during disease outbreaks. These factors are particularly salient with diseases such as MPox, for which 96% of cases in the 2022-2023 UK outbreak were identified among gay, bisexual, queer and men who have sex with men (MSM). This study explored stigma and health-seeking behaviour in Liverpool through the lens of the recent MPox outbreak. Methods Primary sources of data were interviews with national and regional key informants involved in the MPox response, and participatory workshops with priority populations. Workshop recruitment targeted Grindr users and sex positive MSM; immigrant, black and ethnic minority MSM; and male sex workers in Liverpool. Data were analysed using a deductive framework approach, building on the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework. Results Eleven key informant interviews and five workshops (involving 15 participants in total) were conducted. There were prevalent reports of anticipated and experienced stigma due to MPox public health messaging alongside high demand and uptake of the MPox vaccine and regular attendance at sexual health clinics. Respondents believed the limited impact of stigma on health-seeking behaviour was due to actions by the LGBTQ+ community, the third sector and local sexual health clinics. Key informants from the LGBTQ+ community and primary healthcare felt their collective action to tackle MPox was undermined by central public health authorities citing under-resourcing; a reliance on goodwill; poor communication; and tokenistic engagement. MPox communication was further challenged by a lack of evidence on disease transmission and risk. This challenge was exacerbated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the scientific community, public perceptions of infectious disease, and trust in public health authorities. Conclusions The LGBTQ+ community and local sexual health clinics took crucial actions to counter stigma and support health seeking behaviour during the 2022-2023 UK MPox outbreak. Lessons from rights based and inclusive community-led approaches during outbreaks should be heeded in the UK, working towards more meaningful and timely collaboration between affected communities, primary healthcare, and regional and national public health authorities.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças Transmissíveis
19.
researchsquare; 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3956706.v1

RESUMO

Background: Education is known to protect adolescent girls from unplanned pregnancy. School closures were component of COVID-19 “lockdown measures”. The impact of these measures on adolescent pregnancy worldwideis unknown.  Methods: We performed a systematic review to find evidence of the impact of “lockdowns” and school closures on adolescent pregnancy events during the COVID-19 pandemic. Databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, WHO Index Medicus, and Literatura Latinoamericana y Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) were searched. Studies that provided data on pregnancy rates in girls aged 10-19 before, during, and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (defined as March 2020) were eligible for inclusion. Extracted data included study design, study location, age of participants, exposure period, and percentage or pregnancy rate data. Findings: On August 21st, 2023, 3049 studies were screened, with 79 eligible for full-text review. Ten studies were included in the final review: Seven performed in Africa (Uganda, Kenya, South Africa, and Ethiopia), and three in the Americas (USA and Brazil). Adolescent pregnancy increased in six out of the seven African studies while a decrease or no change was noted in USA and Brazil.All studies were at a high risk of bias. Interpretation:   Adolescent pregnancy rates during the COVID-19 pandemic may have substantially increased in sub-Saharan Africa. Data scarcity and low-quality evidence are significant limitations. The dynamic relationship between lockdown measures and adolescent pregnancies warrants ongoing multifaceted research and adaptive policies to safeguard adolescent sexual and reproductive health during health crisis. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42022308354.


Assuntos
COVID-19
20.
ClinicalTrials.gov; 13/02/2024; TrialID: NCT06268860
Clinical Trial Register | ICTRP | ID: ictrp-NCT06268860

RESUMO

Condition:

Atopic Dermatitis

Intervention:

Drug: Rocatinlimab vial injection;Combination Product: Rocatinlimab prefilled syringe

Primary outcome:

Maximum Observed Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Rocatinlimab;Area Under the Serum Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Time of Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUClast) of Rocatinlimab;AUC From Time Zero to Infinity (AUCinf) of Rocatinlimab

Criteria:


Inclusion Criteria

1. Participant has provided informed consent before initiation of any study-specific
activities/procedures.

2. Healthy male or female participants, between 18 and 65 years of age (inclusive)

3. Body mass index between 18 and 32 kg/m^2 (inclusive)

Exclusion Criteria

1. History or evidence, at Screening or Check-in, of clinically significant disorder,
condition, or disease not otherwise excluded that, in the opinion of the Investigator
(or designee), would pose a risk to participant safety or interfere with the study
evaluation, procedures, or completion.

2. History or evidence of clinically significant arrhythmia at Screening, including any
clinically significant findings on the electrocardiogram (ECG) taken at Check-in.

3. A QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's method (QTcF) > 450 msec in
male participants or > 470 msec in female participants or history/evidence of long QT
syndrome at Screening or Check-in.

4. Systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg or < 90 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure > 90
mmHg, or pulse rate > 100 bpm

5. History of hypersensitivity, intolerance, or allergy to any drug compound, food, or
other substance, unless approved by the Investigator (or designee). Participants with
seasonal allergies will be permitted.

6. Estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2

7. Alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase > 1.5 times the upper limit of
normal at Screening or Check-in.

8. Positive hepatitis B or hepatitis C panel (including positive hepatitis B surface
antigen [HBsAg] and/or positive hepatitis C antibody) and/or positive human
immunodeficiency virus test at Screening. Participants whose results are compatible
with prior hepatitis B vaccination (positive hepatitis B surface antibody, negative
hepatitis B core antibody, negative HBsAg) or prior infection (positive hepatitis B
core antibody, positive hepatitis B surface antibody, negative HBsAg) may be included.

9. Participants who have received live vaccines within 5 weeks prior to Screening, or
plan to receive live vaccines within 90 days after administration of an
investigational product.

Inactive vaccination (e.g., non-live or nonreplicating agent), including
coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, is allowed.

10. History of latent tuberculosis or active chronic, recurrent, or acute infection
requiring treatment with systemic antibiotics, antiviral, antiparasitic,
antiprotozoal, or antifungals which has not completely resolved, or for which therapy
has not been completed, within 4 weeks before Screening.

11. Use of any over-the-counter or prescription medications within 30 days or 5 half-lives
(whichever is longer) before Check-in, excluding the following:

1. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) (up to 2 g per day) for analgesia will be allowed.

2. Hormonal contraception listed in Appendix 3 will be allowed.

3. Hormone replacement therapy (e.g., estrogen) and hormonal contraceptives will be
allowed.

12. All herbal medicines (e.g., St. John's wort), vitamins, and supplements consumed by
the participant within the 30 days prior to Check-in, unless deemed acceptable by the
Investigator (or designee) and in consultation with the Sponsor.

13. Participant has received a dose of an investigational drug within the past 90 days or
5 half-lives, whichever is longer, prior to Check-in.

14. Have previously completed or withdrawn from this study or any other study
investigating rocatinlimab or have previously received rocatinlimab.


SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA