ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 600 million people worldwide over the last 2.5 years. So far, there efficacy of many antiviral drugs against COVID-19 has been evaluated only in small studies conducted in different countries. Objective. To assess the efficacy of umifenovir in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods. We performed systematic search of publications in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Sixteen studies with a total of 1,843 patients were included in the analysis. The following endpoints were evaluated: frequencies of negative PCR test on days 7 and 14;mortality in patients with mild, moderate, and severe disease;and frequency of fever resolution on day 7. Results. We found that patients receiving umifenovir demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of negative PCR test on day 7 than patients who received no causal therapy or other antiviral drugs (odds ratio (OR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-2.62, p = 0.02, I2 = 13%). This difference was even more significant among patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.24-3.32, p = 0.005, I2 = 0%), as well as on day 14 (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.35-3.94, p = 0.0007, I2 = 50%). We also observed a reduced risk of death in the studies that included only patients with mild and moderate disease (JR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33-0.83, p = 0.006, I2 = 0). Umifenovir therapy did not affect the frequency of fever resolution by day 7 (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.49-1.56, p = 0.64, I2 = 0%). Conclusion. Umifenovir significantly accelerated virus elimination by days 7 and 14 among patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Umifenovir also reduced the risk of death compared to other antiviral drugs.Copyright © 2022, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Social media has been well-established in health-related purposes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preliminary reviews have summarized social media uses for a distinctive health purpose such as health interventions, health campaigns, medical education, and disease outbreak surveillance. The most recent thorough review of social media uses for health purposes, however, was conducted in 2013. A systematic review that covers various health purposes is needed to reveal the new usages and research gaps that emerge in recent years. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of social media uses for health purposes that have been identified in previous studies. The researchers searched for peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2010 and 2020 in.10 databases covering medicine, public health, and social science. After classifying the articles in terms of publication year, journal area, country, method, social media platform, and social media use for health purposes, the researchers provided a review of social media use for health purposes identified in these articles. This study summarized 7 social media uses for various health purposes by health organizations, health researchers and practitioners, and the public. Social media can be used for various health purposes. Several new usages have emerged since 2013 including advancing health research and practice, social mobilization, and facilitating offline health-related services and events. Research gaps exist regarding advancing strategic use of social media based on audience segmentation, understanding the impact of health identity development, and addressing privacy concerns and evaluating the impact of social media in health interventions. © 2023 Author(s).
ABSTRACT
IDDF2023-ABS-0032 Figure 1 IDDF2023-ABS-0032 Figure 2 IDDF2023-ABS-0032 Figure 3 IDDF2023-ABS-0032 Figure 4COVID-19 outcomes in moderate-severe vs mild or quiescent IBD[Figure omitted. See PDF]ConclusionsPatients with IBD, particularly UC had an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19. Active IBD is associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes, and the risk is increased with the disease activity of IBD.
ABSTRACT
Introduction COVID-19 is associated with endothelial activation and systemic inflammation;consequently, statins can be used in its treatment as they have anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and profibrinolytic properties and may interfere with COVID-19 viral entry into cells through disruption of cell membrane lipid rafts. Objective We performed a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that compared statin therapy to placebo or to standard care in adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for all-cause mortality, hospitalization duration, and admission to the intensive care unit. Results Of the 228 studies reviewed, four studies were included, with a total of 1,231 patients, of whom 610 (49.5%) were treated with statins. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.96;95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.61-1.51;p=0.86;I2=13%), duration of hospitalization (mean difference [MD] 0.21;95%CI: -1.74-2.16;p=0.83;I2=92%), intensive care unit admission (OR= 3.31;95%CI: 0.13-87.1;p=0.47;I2=84%), need for mechanical ventilation (OR= 1.03;95%CI: 0.36-2.94;p=0.95;I2=0%), or increase in liver enzyme levels (OR= 0.58;95%CI: 0.27-1.25;p=0.16;I2=0%) between patients treated with or without statin therapy. Conclusion Our findings suggest that in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19, statin therapy results in no difference in clinical outcomes when compared to outcomes by placebo or standard of care. Prospero database registration: (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under the number CRD42022338283.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus pandemic identified a clinical need for pediatric tele-neuropsychology (TeleNP) assessment. However, due to limited research, clinicians have had little information to develop, adapt, or select reliable pediatric assessments for TeleNP. This preliminary systematic review aimed to examine the feasibility of pediatric TeleNP assessment alongside (1) patient/family acceptability, (2) reliability, and (3) the quality of the literature. Between May 2021 and November 2022, manual searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were conducted using terms related to "pediatric” and "tele-neuropsychology.” After extracting relevant papers with samples aged 0–22 years, predefined exclusion criteria were applied. Quality assessment was completed using the AXIS appraisal tool (91% rater-agreement). Twenty-one studies were included in the review, with reported qualitative and quantitative data on the feasibility, reliability, and acceptability extracted. Across included studies, TeleNP was completed via telephone/video conference with participants either at home, in a local setting accompanied by an assistant, or in a different room but in the same building as the assessor. Pediatric TeleNP was generally reported to be feasible (e.g., minimal behavioral differences) and acceptable (e.g., positive feedback). Nineteen studies conducted some statistical analyses to assess reliability. Most observed no significant difference between in-person and TeleNP for most cognitive domains (i.e., IQ), with a minority finding variable reliability for some tests (e.g., attention, speech, visuo-spatial). Limited reporting of sex-assigned birth, racialized identity, and ethnicity reduced the quality and generalizability of the literature. To aid clinical interpretations, studies should assess underexamined cognitive domains (e.g., processing speed) with larger, more inclusive samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40817-023-00144-6.
ABSTRACT
The chapter mainly highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy, utilizing macroeconomic concepts and describing how organizations around the world can use the strategic management technique of drawing up a PESTLE analysis to provide focused attention to each factor and macroeconomic party. This ultimately comprises the entire economy, with special attention being focused on the expansion of the environmental factor. The key problem discussed in the following research chapter was whether healthcare should be considered as a separate dimension under the environmental category in a PESTLE analysis. The methodology used involved gathering data from online journals relating to the relevant ministries of healthcare, and an extended review was conducted based on existing sources. The scenarios that unfolded as the pandemic first broke out, the policies imposed by the governments, and their shortcomings as policymakers were discussed, and the current day policies utilized to make sure the brunt of the pandemic doesn't boomerang again were analyzed. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The challenges experienced in measurement and evaluation during the distance education process among student and instructor groups are discussed in the study. A qualitative meta-synthesis method is used in this research. Twenty studies were included in the meta-synthesis. The challenges experienced by the instructors are program utilization, technological inadequacies, a lack of in-service seminars, online exam diversity, inconsistency between what is measured and what is intended to be measured, interference of other features with the measurement, unsuitability of the measurement tools, academic dishonesty, lack of control over online exam diversity, preparation and grading challenges, infrastructural issues, and a lack or latency of feedback. Challenges experienced by learners include alienation to the electronic environment, language, technological inadequacies, lack of materials, validity-reliability issues, application difficulty, lack of guidance in exams, infrastructural issues, network problems, lack of interest and motivation, anxiety about online exams, and avoidance and resistance to self-disclosure in virtual environments.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: The decline in GDP caused by the global economic recession of 2008 and that caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the poor economy of countries around the globe with increased rates of unemployment and adverse job conditions. This systematic review aims to identify the impact of a Financial crisis on Psychological well-being, Life satisfaction, Health Satisfaction, and Financial Incapability. Methodology: The literature included in the review was searched from Feb 1, 2023, to March 26, 2023, by using the PUBMED database as the search engine. Studies discussing the impact of the financial or economic crisis on psychological well-being, Health, Life satisfaction, and Financial Incapabilities published in the English Language were included in this review whereas systematic reviews and metanalysis, case reports, articles published in languages other than English and articles with limited access were excluded. Result(s): Of the 26 articles found eligible for the study, there were 22 Quantitative studies, 2 qualitative studies, and 2 Mixed Method Studies. Most of the articles included in this study discussed the Global Economic crisis caused by COVID-19 and the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. Almost 80% of the studies included in this review discussed psychological well-being and the prevalence of psychological disorders including Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Fear, Loneliness, Burnout, and Suicide whereas the rest of the articles discussed mortality regarding mental disorders. Conclusion(s): Financial crisis or economic recession results in an increased prevalence of common mental disorders affecting psychological well-being by increasing rates of unemployment and adverse job conditions. Policymakers with competitive financial behavior and knowledge are essential elements for psychological well-being and life satisfaction.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
PurposeThis paper presents a systematic review of the literature in the domain of maritime disruption management, upon which future research framework and agenda are proposed. Two review questions, i.e. the measures that are employed to manage disruptions and how these contribute to resilience performance, were pursued.Design/methodology/approachThe systematic literature review procedure was strictly followed, including identification and planning, execution, selection and synthesis and analysis. A review protocol was developed, including scope, databases and criteria guiding the review. Following this, 47 articles were eventually extracted for the systematic review to identify themes for not only addressing the review questions but also highlighting future research opportunities.FindingsIt was found that earlier studies mainly focused on measures, which are designed using mathematical models, management frameworks and other technical support systems, to analyse and evaluate risks, and their impacts on maritime players at the levels of organisation, transport system and region in which the organisation is embedded. There is, however, a lack of research that empirically examines how these measures would contribute to enhancing the resilience performance of maritime firms and their organisational performance as a whole. Subsequently, a Digitally Embedded and Technically Support Maritime Disruption Management (DEST-MDM) model is proposed.Research limitations/implicationsThis review is constrained by studies recorded by the Web of Science only. Nevertheless, the proposed research model would expectedly contribute to enhancing knowledge building in the specific domain of maritime disruption management and supply chain management overall while providing meaningful managerial implications to policymakers and managers in the maritime industry.Originality/valueThis research is perhaps one of the first studies which presents a systematic review of literature in maritime disruption management and proposes a future research framework that establishes the link between disruption management and resilience and organisational performance for empirical validation.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of telehealth interventions used in anxiety management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, and Google Scholar databases were searched. A total of 7 studies were included, 3 of which were randomized controlled trials and 4 of which were quasi -ex-perimental designs, published between January 2020 and May 2021. Results: For telehealth interventions in anxiety management, although mixed methods were also used, it was ob-served that online video conferencing (WeChat, SpinChat), telephone calls providing telenursing and tele-education, internet-based integrated intervention, and voice recording were effective. The time allocated for interventions and training included 5 sessions, including sessions of at least 15-20 minutes, and a total of 24 sessions, including sessions of 45-60 minutes at most. Conclusion: According to the studies, telehealth interventions during the pandemic were effective in reducing the anxiety levels of systemic sclerosis patients, patients diagnosed with COVID-19, pregnant women, and vulnerable indi-viduals, like mothers with preschool children with autism and people supported by charities.
ABSTRACT
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, getting infected through the built environment is being studied. The measures that should be taken to reduce infection through the built environment are essential;not only for COVID-19, but this idea is present at all times of widespread diseases.The purpose of this research is to systematically review the relationship between the built environment and the spread of infection to create a potential guideline to reduce the transmission rate. Articles and studies on the relationship between infectious disease and the built environment were reviewed.Articles matching the selection criteria were identified. Most articles described peer reviews, consensus statements, and reports. The articles have provided data that can be used as guidance for reducing the transmission of infection within the built environment. It was found that evidence has been created such as ventilation, buffer spaces, flooring, and surfaces that can reduce the infection of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Loop diuretics are the first-line treatment for volume overload in acute decompensation of congestive heart failure (AHF). Loop diuretic resistance is common due to pharmacologic tachyphylaxis. Therefore, thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are often used as add-on therapy to combine two different pharmacologic mechanisms. This systemic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of metolazone and other thiazide-like diuretics in AHF. Method(s): PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this systematic review. PubMed, Scopus, PubMed Central, and Embase databases were searched using relevant keywords for studies published before 5 Jan 2022. and title screening was performed, followed by full-text screening using the Covidence software. Data were extracted, and analysis was done using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan v5.1). The results were reported in odds ratio and mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Result(s): Out of 2999 studies identified by database search, eight studies met the inclusion criteria (2 RCTs and 6 cohort studies). Pooled analysis using a random-effects model showed no difference in mean difference among the metolazone group and control group for 24 hours total urine output (MD 69.32, 95% CI -638.29 to 776.94;n = 551;I2 = 84%), change in urine output in 24 hours (MD -284.09, 95% CI -583.99 to 15.81;n = 345;I2 = 0%), 48 hours total urine output (MD -465.62, 95% CI -1302.22 to 370.99;n = 242;I2 = 0%) and urine output at 72 hours (MD -13.24, 95% CI -90.88 to 64.40;n = 205;I2 = 0%). However, studies with furosemide only in the comparator arm, 24 hours of total urine outcome favored metolazone (MD 692.70, 95% CI 386.59 to 998.82;n = 334;I2 = 0%). There was no difference between the two groups in the rate of adverse events, loss of weight, mortality, or readmission rates. Conclusion(s): Metolazone therapy in diuretic resistant AHF may improves urine output and facilitates achieving a net negative balance. Thus, metolazone and thiazide-like diuretics can be used as add-on therapy in acute decompensation of heart failure, especially in diuretic resistance.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s)
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the experiences of pregnant women and midwives in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic so that in the future, the concept of comfort midwifery care can be developed as a strategy to reduce the psychological impact on pregnant women and midwives in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Article searches were conducted using the same keywords in the Pubmed, CINAHL, SAGE, and Science Direct databases published from January 2020 to October 4, 2021. A total of 8 qualitative study articles were identified in this study. Eight articles were included in this literature review, and most of the articles discussed three themes, namely (1) psychological responses, (2) challenges faced, and (3) coping strategies. Pregnant women and midwives experienced negative psychological responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenge faced by pregnant women was delaying antenatal check-up. In contrast, the challenges that midwives must face were personal protective equipment and the care system and organization changes. Coping strategies were carried out through stress management and seeking support. © 2023 Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and duty hour restrictions have illuminated a role for surgical simulation in trainees that permits meaningful technical experience outside the operating room. There is a need for the implementation of surgical simulation infrastructure adjacent to clinical training with practical considerations for complexity and cost. This systematic review analyzes surgical simulations that train hand surgical techniques and procedures with subjective or objective competency assessment. Method(s): A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA- P guidelines using the PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Selected search terms included procedures relevant to the field of hand surgery and various types of simulation training. Data, including skills and techniques taught and assessed, model type, equipment, cost, and emphasis placed in training for each article, were extracted. Result(s): Of 2,519 articles, 40 met inclusion criteria. Models were described as: synthetic benchtop/3D-printed (40.0%), animal (22.5%), cadaveric (20.0%), augmented and virtual reality (AR/ VR;12.5%), and other computer simulation (12.5%). Three models incorporated both a physical benchtop component and an AR/ VR component. The procedures most represented included tendon repair (30.0%), fracture fixation (27.5%), wrist arthroscopy (15.0%), and carpal tunnel release (15.0%). Sixty-five percent of articles emphasized the importance of surgical simulation in a surgeon's training. Conclusion(s): A diversity of surgical simulation models exist for the practice of various aspects of hand surgery. The existing literature demonstrates their utility for increasing expertise with surgical techniques and procedures in a low-risk setting.
ABSTRACT
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in young age groups (chil-dren, adolescents, and young adults) has a higher prevalence than individuals at other stages of the lifecycle. The implementation of mental health services faces more barriers to professional care than in the pre-pandemic period. This study aims to identify the effect of sociodemographic and Public Health and Sosial Measures on the mental health of young age groups and mental health services during the COV-ID-19 pandemic. We conducted a mixed-methods-integrated approach to synthesize the findings and drew results using mixed-methods analysis. Literature finding was conducted in seven databases. The selection procedure followed the f low diagram of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Inclusion criteria included all types of research that looked at the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and mental health services. There are 44 articles included, and the quality assessment shows that the study was evaluated as 80% and 100% quality criteria met. During the implementation of Public Health and Social Measures, the young age group experienced mental health problems, including stress, depression, anxiety, sleeping disorder, eating disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder related to socioeconomic status, academic, and social factors. This systematic review proves that the COVID-19 pandemic affects the mental health of the young age group and mental health services. © 2022, Universitas Negeri Semarang. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
BackgroundThe use of musculoskeletal ultrasound improves patient care by increasing diagnostic and therapeutic safety. With its growing application and increasing evidence of its value, the demand for standardized training in musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) rises rapidly.ObjectivesIn this systematic literature review, we aim to provide a general overview of the various aspects of musculoskeletal ultrasound education worldwide, including target groups, teaching staff, didactic methods, and course formats, as well as to reflect on existing problems and future opportunities. No restrictions were made regarding the educational level of the course recipients nor the specialization of the course instructors.MethodsIn our methodological approach, we followed the PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies[1]. In January 2022, the databases Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar were considered with all publications to date and were filtered for relevant publications using previously defined keywords. Title and were then screened independently by two authors for inclusion using relevant study characteristics determined in advance according to the PICO scheme[1]. Finally relevant information was filtered from the full text version of the sixty-seven included publications.ResultsThe range of training programs has increased greatly in recent years, primarily aiming at residents in rheumatology, radiology and physical medicine and rehabilitation. However, MSUS is also receiving more attention as a training tool for medical students. Due to the COVID pandemic, didactic approaches using distance learning via simulators and handheld devices have gained additional importance. Given the existing lack of sufficient equipment and trained teaching staff, those approaches should continue to be explored post-pandemic. Another still existing problem is the low international comparability of MSUS training and competency assessment. Therefore, several international institutions, including the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR) have proposed guidelines for training curricula to promote standardized ultrasound training.ConclusionThere is a broad consensus that the development of standardized curricula improves training and facilitates the implementation of new training centers. The development of alternative teaching methods incorporating e-learning, peer teaching, and distance learning on mobile ultrasound devices and the determination of international guidelines could facilitate overcoming the remaining major obstacles still to be passed.Reference[1]Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ 2009;339:b2700. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
ABSTRACT
Currently, there is no availability of any proven specific treatment or prevention strategy to fight against COVID-19. Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is expected to increase survival rates in COVID-19 as in the case of emerging viral infection (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). To collect all the studies relevant to CP therapy in critically ill or severe COVID-19 patients and summarize the findings. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA consensus statement. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases on April 25, 2020. A total of six studies (28 patients) relevant to CP therapy in severe or critical COVID-19 are considered for inclusion. Two authors extracted the data about study characteristics, demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities, clinical classification of COVID-19, drug therapies, oxygen therapy, laboratory results, chest CT, neutralizing antibody titer, SARS-CoV-2 RNA load, aal outcome. The review findings revealed that CP therapy increases lymphocyte count, reduced s serum inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, Procalcitonin) and liver enzyme levels (AST or ALT). There was a rise in serum neutralizing antibody titers in 10 of 14 patients after CP transfusion. In 4 of 14 patients, the titer levels remain unchanged after CP transfusion. All 28 cases (100%) achieved negative to the SARS-CoV-2 RNA after CP transfusion. The convalescent plasma transfusion can improve neutralizing antibody titers and reduces the viral load in severe/critical COVID-19 patients. The review recommends a well-controlled trial design is required to give a definite statement on the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in severe/critical COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Building The research study is primarily focused on identifying the parameters of Performance Measurement System within the healthcare sectors of Pakistan. The main purpose is to identify the efficacy of different Performance Measurement Systems within Pakistan, and its impacts on performance of physicians. Considering the current performance and situation in healthcare sector of Pakistan, it has been analyzed that the country has come a long way towards progress, however there is still a major lacking of proper standards and guidelines which must be followed in all the healthcare institutions. The problem statement emphasizes over the need of PMS in the healthcare institutions, with the help of which the improvements and efficacy in performance of the healthcare professionals can be determined. The research objective designed for this study is identify the impact of Performance Measurement Systems on the improvisations in current practices, on patient satisfaction and recovery, changes in patterns of mortality rates and budgetary control within the country for healthcare sectors. In order to conduct this research study, the type of research method which has been mainly opted is qualitative analysis involving the write up of a Systematic Literature Review. This review has been designed on the basis of PRISMA method, and proper skimming of research articles have been performed accordingly. 22 articles have been taken for further investigation, published after the year of 2010. The indicators which have been focused on in this study include Patient Satisfaction, Mortality, Survival rates and Cost Allocation to healthcare sectors of the country. Based on the findings of number of research articles, it has been identified that Patient Satisfaction and Cost Allocation have not been improved via Performance Management System. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality and survival rates in the public and private sectors of the country were controlled due to constant supervision by governmental agencies and the use of an effective and efficient Performance Measurement method for staff members in the healthcare industry.