Coronavirus Receptors as Immune Modulators.
J Immunol
; 206(5): 923-929, 2021 03 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1004828
ABSTRACT
The Coronaviridae family includes the seven known human coronaviruses (CoV) that cause mild to moderate respiratory infections (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1) as well as severe illness and death (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2). Severe infections induce hyperinflammatory responses that are often intensified by host adaptive immune pathways to profoundly advance disease severity. Proinflammatory responses are triggered by CoV entry mediated by host cell surface receptors. Interestingly, five of the seven strains use three cell surface metallopeptidases (CD13, CD26, and ACE2) as receptors, whereas the others employ O-acetylated-sialic acid (a key feature of metallopeptidases) for entry. Why CoV evolved to use peptidases as their receptors is unknown, but the peptidase activities of the receptors are dispensable, suggesting the virus uses/benefits from other functions of these molecules. Indeed, these receptors participate in the immune modulatory pathways that contribute to the pathological hyperinflammatory response. This review will focus on the role of CoV receptors in modulating immune responses.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Coronavirus Infections
/
Receptors, Cell Surface
/
Metalloproteases
/
Immunomodulation
/
Betacoronavirus
/
Receptors, Coronavirus
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Immunol
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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