Associations of Small Business Closure and Reduced Urban Mobility with Mental Health Problems in COVID-19 Pandemic: a National Representative Sample Study.
J Urban Health
; 98(1): 13-26, 2021 02.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1014199
ABSTRACT
It is suggested that the nationwide social distancing due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has adverse mental health consequences despite its necessity. We investigated the associations of social distancing measures with mental health problems. Using national representative sample of 509,062 adults in the USA, we examined the associations of small business closure and reduced urban mobility with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression disorder (MDD). Multilevel regression models were fitted with individual, household, and state-level covariates, in addition to state and census-region-level random effects. Living in state with the highest quartile of small business closures was associated with increased prevalence of GAD (OR 1.06; CI 1.03-1.11) compared to lowest quartile, but had no association with MDD. Living in the highest quartile of urban mobility was associated with lower prevalence of both GAD (OR 0.88; CI 0.85-0.93) and MDD (OR 0.90; CI 0.86-0.95) relative to the lowest quartile. Our findings suggest that small business closures and reduced mobility during COVID-19 pandemic were negatively associated with the two mental health outcomes in the USA, despite their important roles in preventing the infection.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Anxiety Disorders
/
Stress, Psychological
/
Mental Health
/
Depressive Disorder, Major
/
Small Business
/
Physical Distancing
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Randomized controlled trials
Topics:
Long Covid
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
/
Young adult
Country/Region as subject:
North America
Language:
English
Journal:
J Urban Health
Journal subject:
Medicine
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S11524-020-00511-0
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