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Insights to SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathophysiology, and rationalized treatments that target COVID-19 clinical complications.
Trougakos, Ioannis P; Stamatelopoulos, Kimon; Terpos, Evangelos; Tsitsilonis, Ourania E; Aivalioti, Evmorfia; Paraskevis, Dimitrios; Kastritis, Efstathios; Pavlakis, George N; Dimopoulos, Meletios A.
  • Trougakos IP; Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece. itrougakos@biol.uoa.gr.
  • Stamatelopoulos K; Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece.
  • Terpos E; Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece.
  • Tsitsilonis OE; Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784, Athens, Greece.
  • Aivalioti E; Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece.
  • Paraskevis D; Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece.
  • Kastritis E; Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece.
  • Pavlakis GN; Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
  • Dimopoulos MA; Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece. mdimop@med.uoa.gr.
J Biomed Sci ; 28(1): 9, 2021 Jan 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1024367
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Gaining further insights into SARS-CoV-2 routes of infection and the underlying pathobiology of COVID-19 will support the design of rational treatments targeting the life cycle of the virus and/or the adverse effects (e.g., multi-organ collapse) that are triggered by COVID-19-mediated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and/or other pathologies. MAIN BODY COVID-19 is a two-phase disease being marked by (phase 1) increased virus transmission and infection rates due to the wide expression of the main infection-related ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSB/L human genes in tissues of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, as well as by (phase 2) host- and probably sex- and/or age-specific uncontrolled inflammatory immune responses which drive hyper-cytokinemia, aggressive inflammation and (due to broad organotropism of SARS-CoV-2) collateral tissue damage and systemic failure likely because of imbalanced ACE/ANGII/AT1R and ACE2/ANG(1-7)/MASR axes signaling.

CONCLUSION:

Here we discuss SARS-CoV-2 life cycle and a number of approaches aiming to suppress viral infection rates or propagation; increase virus antigen presentation in order to activate a robust and durable adaptive immune response from the host, and/or mitigate the ARDS-related "cytokine storm" and collateral tissue damage that triggers the severe life-threatening complications of COVID-19.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment / Life Cycle Stages Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Biomed Sci Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12929-020-00703-5

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment / Life Cycle Stages Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Biomed Sci Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12929-020-00703-5