ADP-ribosylhydrolases: from DNA damage repair to COVID-19.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B
; 22(1): 21-30, 2021 Jan 15.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1032346
ABSTRACT
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a unique post-translational modification that regulates many biological processes, such as DNA damage repair. During DNA repair, ADP-ribosylation needs to be reversed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases. A group of ADP-ribosylhydrolases have a catalytic domain, namely the macrodomain, which is conserved in evolution from prokaryotes to humans. Not all macrodomains remove ADP-ribosylation. One set of macrodomains loses enzymatic activity and only binds to ADP-ribose (ADPR). Here, we summarize the biological functions of these macrodomains in DNA damage repair and compare the structure of enzymatically active and inactive macrodomains. Moreover, small molecular inhibitors have been developed that target macrodomains to suppress DNA damage repair and tumor growth. Macrodomain proteins are also expressed in pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, these domains may not be directly involved in DNA damage repair in the hosts or pathogens. Instead, they play key roles in pathogen replication. Thus, by targeting macrodomains it may be possible to treat pathogen-induced diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
DNA Repair
/
COVID-19
/
N-Glycosyl Hydrolases
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B
Journal subject:
Biology
/
Medicine
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Jzus.B2000319
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