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Black-white disparities in 2009 H1N1 vaccination among adults in the United States: A cautionary tale for the COVID-19 pandemic.
Burger, Andrew E; Reither, Eric N; Mamelund, Svenn-Erik; Lim, Sojung.
  • Burger AE; Brigham Young University-Idaho, 525 S 2nd E, Rexburg, ID 83420, United States. Electronic address: burgera@byui.edu.
  • Reither EN; Utah State University, 0730 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States.
  • Mamelund SE; OsloMet, Centre for Welfare and Labor Research, Stensberggata 26, 0170 Oslo, Norway.
  • Lim S; Utah State University, 0730 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States.
Vaccine ; 39(6): 943-951, 2021 02 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1032562
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Prior research has highlighted racial and ethnic disparities in H1N1 vaccination in the United States. Our study adds to this literature by utilizing an intersectionality framework to examine the joint influence of race and sex on H1N1 vaccination beliefs and behaviors among non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites (hereafter blacks and whites).

METHODS:

Using data from the National H1N1 Flu Survey of U.S. adults, we measured differences in beliefs about the safety and efficacy of the H1N1 vaccine among black women, black men, white women, and white men. We then estimated a series of nested logistic regression models to examine how race/sex vaccination disparities were influenced by health beliefs, socioeconomic status (SES), pre-existing conditions, and healthcare.

RESULTS:

Black respondents were more likely than white respondents to express reservations about the safety and efficacy of the H1N1 vaccine. Consistent with those beliefs, white females reported the highest rate of H1N1 vaccination (28.4%), followed by white males (26.3%), black males (21.6%), and black females (17.5%). Differences in health beliefs, SES, pre-existing conditions, and healthcare explained lower odds of H1N1 vaccination among white men and black men, relative to white women. However, black women experienced 35-45% lower odds of vaccination than white women across all models, highlighting the intersectional nature of these associations.

DISCUSSION:

The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic provides a cautionary tale about the distribution of new vaccines across large populations with diverse racial, sex, and socioeconomic characteristics. Despite differences between the H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics, our study warns that many black Americans will forego COVID-19 vaccines unless swift action is taken to address black-white disparities in access to vital resources. Public health stakeholders can also encourage widespread adoption of COVID-19 vaccines by tailoring health promotion messages for different groups of racial minorities, especially groups like black women who face intersecting disadvantages.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Influenza Vaccines / Vaccination / Influenza, Human / Healthcare Disparities / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Vaccine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Influenza Vaccines / Vaccination / Influenza, Human / Healthcare Disparities / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Vaccine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article