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Macrolevel association of COVID-19 with non-communicable disease risk factors in India.
Gaur, Kiran; Khedar, Raghubir S; Mangal, Kishore; Sharma, Arvind K; Dhamija, Rajinder K; Gupta, Rajeev.
  • Gaur K; Department of Statistics, Mathematics and Computer Science, Govt SKN Agriculture College, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, India.
  • Khedar RS; Department of Medicine and Critical Care, Eternal Hospital, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India.
  • Mangal K; Department of Medicine and Critical Care, Eternal Hospital, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India.
  • Sharma AK; Department of Community Medicine, RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India.
  • Dhamija RK; Department of Neurology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.
  • Gupta R; Department of Medicine and Critical Care, Eternal Hospital, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India; Academic Research Development Unit, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India. Electronic address: rajeevgg@gmail.com.
Diabetes Metab Syndr ; 15(1): 343-350, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1039333
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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND &

AIMS:

Greater COVID-19 related mortality has been reported among persons with various non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We performed an ecological study to determine the association of state-level cases and deaths with NCD risk factors and healthcare and social indices.

METHODS:

We obtained cumulative national and state-level data on COVID-19 cases and deaths from publicly available database www.covid19india.org from February to end November 2020. To identify association with major NCD risk factors, NCDs, healthcare related and social variables we obtained data from public sources. Association was determined using univariate and multivariate statistics.

RESULTS:

More than 9.5 million COVID-19 cases and 135,000 deaths have been reported in India towards end of November 2020. There is significant positive correlation (Pearson r) of state-level COVID-19 cases and deaths per million, respectively, with NCD risk factors- obesity (0.64, 0.52), hypertension (0.28, 0.16), diabetes (0.66, 0.46), NCD epidemiological transition index (0.58, 0.54) and ischemic heart disease mortality (0.22, 0.33). Correlation is also observed with indices of healthcare access and quality (0.71, 0.61), urbanization (0.75, 0.73) and human (0.61, 0.56) and sociodemographic (0.70, 0.69) development. Multivariate adjusted analyses shows strong correlation of COVID-19 burden and deaths with NCD risk factors (r2 = 0.51, 0.43), NCDs (r2 = 0.32, 0.16) and healthcare (r2 = 0.52, 0.38).

CONCLUSIONS:

COVID-19 disease burden and mortality in India is ecologically associated with greater state-level burden of NCDs and risk factors, especially obesity and diabetes.
Subject(s)
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cost of Illness / Noncommunicable Diseases / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.dsx.2021.01.005

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cost of Illness / Noncommunicable Diseases / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.dsx.2021.01.005