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The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome.
Finlay, B Brett; Amato, Katherine R; Azad, Meghan; Blaser, Martin J; Bosch, Thomas C G; Chu, Hiutung; Dominguez-Bello, Maria Gloria; Ehrlich, Stanislav Dusko; Elinav, Eran; Geva-Zatorsky, Naama; Gros, Philippe; Guillemin, Karen; Keck, Frédéric; Korem, Tal; McFall-Ngai, Margaret J; Melby, Melissa K; Nichter, Mark; Pettersson, Sven; Poinar, Hendrik; Rees, Tobias; Tropini, Carolina; Zhao, Liping; Giles-Vernick, Tamara.
  • Finlay BB; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; bfinlay@msl.ubc.ca tamara.giles-vernick@pasteur.fr.
  • Amato KR; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Azad M; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Blaser MJ; Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.
  • Bosch TCG; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Chu H; Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
  • Dominguez-Bello MG; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Ehrlich SD; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine at Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8021.
  • Elinav E; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Geva-Zatorsky N; Zoologisches Institut, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
  • Gros P; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Guillemin K; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
  • Keck F; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Korem T; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.
  • McFall-Ngai MJ; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Melby MK; Metagenopolis Unit, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Nichter M; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Pettersson S; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761000, Israel.
  • Poinar H; Cancer-Microbiome Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Rees T; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Tropini C; Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel.
  • Zhao L; Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
  • Giles-Vernick T; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 118(6)2021 02 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1039673
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect the human microbiome in infected and uninfected individuals, having a substantial impact on human health over the long term. This pandemic intersects with a decades-long decline in microbial diversity and ancestral microbes due to hygiene, antibiotics, and urban living (the hygiene hypothesis). High-risk groups succumbing to COVID-19 include those with preexisting conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, which are also associated with microbiome abnormalities. Current pandemic control measures and practices will have broad, uneven, and potentially long-term effects for the human microbiome across the planet, given the implementation of physical separation, extensive hygiene, travel barriers, and other measures that influence overall microbial loss and inability for reinoculation. Although much remains uncertain or unknown about the virus and its consequences, implementing pandemic control practices could significantly affect the microbiome. In this Perspective, we explore many facets of COVID-19-induced societal changes and their possible effects on the microbiome, and discuss current and future challenges regarding the interplay between this pandemic and the microbiome. Recent recognition of the microbiome's influence on human health makes it critical to consider both how the microbiome, shaped by biosocial processes, affects susceptibility to the coronavirus and, conversely, how COVID-19 disease and prevention measures may affect the microbiome. This knowledge may prove key in prevention and treatment, and long-term biological and social outcomes of this pandemic.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Hygiene Hypothesis / Microbiota / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Pregnancy Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Hygiene Hypothesis / Microbiota / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Infant / Male / Pregnancy Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article