A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc
; 10(5): 607-614, 2021 May 28.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1059650
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Since non-epidemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) commonly infect children, an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these infections may offer insights into the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. We investigated the epidemiology of sHCoV infection during the first year of life, including risk factors and association with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).METHODS:
We conducted a nested case-control study of infants enrolled in a birth cohort near Cape Town, South Africa, from 2012 to 2015. LRTI surveillance was implemented, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected fortnightly over infancy. Quantitative PCR detected respiratory pathogens, including coronaviruses-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1. Swabs were tested from infants at the time of LRTI and from the 90 days prior as well as from age-matched control infants from the cohort over the equivalent period.RESULTS:
In total, 885 infants were included, among whom 464 LRTI events occurred. Of the 4751 samples tested for sHCoV, 9% tested positive, with HCoV-NL63 the most common. Seasonal HCoV detection was associated with LRTI; this association was strongest for coronavirus-OC43, which was also found in all sHCoV-associated hospitalizations. Birth in winter was associated with sHCoV-LRTI, but there were no clear seasonal differences in detection. Co-detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae was weakly associated with sHCoV-LRTI (odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 0.9-3.6); detection of other respiratory viruses or bacteria was not associated with sHCoV status.CONCLUSIONS:
Seasonal HCoV infections were common and associated with LRTI, particularly sHCoV-OC43, which is most closely related to the SARS group of coronaviruses. Interactions of coronaviruses with bacteria in the pathogenesis of LRTI require further study.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pneumonia, Viral
/
Seasons
/
Coronavirus Infections
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
/
Infant, Newborn
Country/Region as subject:
Africa
Language:
English
Journal:
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Jpids
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