Socioeconomic and Racial Segregation and COVID-19: Concentrated Disadvantage and Black Concentration in Association with COVID-19 Deaths in the USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
; 9(1): 367-375, 2022 Feb.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1064658
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
This study's objective was to examine the association of the percentage of county population residing in concentrated disadvantage and Black-concentrated census tracts with county-level confirmed COVID-19 deaths in the USA, concentrated disadvantage and Black concentration at census tract-level measure socioeconomic segregation and racial segregation, respectively.METHODS:
We performed secondary data analysis using tract (N = 73,056) and county (N = 3142) level data from the US Census Bureau and other sources for the USA. Confirmed COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 population was our outcome measure. We performed mixed-effect negative binomial regression to examine the association of county population's percentage residing in concentrated disadvantage and Black-concentrated tracts with COVID-19 deaths while controlling for several other characteristics.RESULTS:
For every 10% increase in the percentage of county population residing in concentrated disadvantage and Black-concentrated tracts, the rate for confirmed COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 population increases by a factor of 1.14 (mortality rate ratio [MMR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.11, 1.18) and 1.11 (MMR = 1.11; 95% CI1.08, 1.14), respectively. These relations stayed significant in all models in further sensitivity analyses. Moreover, a joint increase in the percentage of county population residing in racial and socioeconomic segregation was associated with a much greater increase in COVID-19 deaths.CONCLUSIONS:
It appears that people living in socioeconomically and racially segregated neighborhoods may be disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 deaths. Future multilevel and longitudinal studies with data at both individual and aggregated tract level can help isolate the potential impacts of the individual-level characteristics and neighborhood-level socioeconomic and racial segregation with more precision and confidence.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Social Segregation
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
North America
Language:
English
Journal:
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S40615-021-00965-1
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