Genetic Screens Identify Host Factors for SARS-CoV-2 and Common Cold Coronaviruses.
Cell
; 184(1): 106-119.e14, 2021 01 07.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1064913
ABSTRACT
The Coronaviridae are a family of viruses that cause disease in humans ranging from mild respiratory infection to potentially lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Finding host factors common to multiple coronaviruses could facilitate the development of therapies to combat current and future coronavirus pandemics. Here, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR screens in cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 as well as two seasonally circulating common cold coronaviruses, OC43 and 229E. This approach correctly identified the distinct viral entry factors ACE2 (for SARS-CoV-2), aminopeptidase N (for 229E), and glycosaminoglycans (for OC43). Additionally, we identified phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis as critical host pathways supporting infection by all three coronaviruses. By contrast, the lysosomal protein TMEM106B appeared unique to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol kinases and cholesterol homeostasis reduced replication of all three coronaviruses. These findings offer important insights for the understanding of the coronavirus life cycle and the development of host-directed therapies.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Coronavirus Infections
/
Coronavirus
/
Host-Pathogen Interactions
/
Genome-Wide Association Study
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Cell
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.cell.2020.12.004
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