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Dangerous liaisons? The role of inflammation and comorbidities in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Maggi, Paolo; Ricci, Elena; Messina, Vincenzo; Salzillo, Angela; Simeone, Filomena; Iodice, Angelo; Socio, Giuseppe Vittorio.
  • Maggi P; Department of Infectious Disease, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
  • Ricci E; Fondazione A.S.I.A. Onlus, Buccinasco, Milan, Italy.
  • Messina V; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN S.Anna and S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy.
  • Salzillo A; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN S.Anna and S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy.
  • Simeone F; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN S.Anna and S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy.
  • Iodice A; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN S.Anna and S.Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy.
  • Socio GV; Department of Medicine 2, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Perugia and University of Perugia, Santa Maria Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol ; 17(3): 201-208, 2021 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1066078
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

In people living with HIV (PLWH), immune activation and inflammation levels are high even when viral suppression is maintained, potentially contributing to several comorbidities, and hampering the immune response to infections such as the recent SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19). AREAS COVERED Immune activation and inflammation play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe COVID-19 patients may experience cytokine release syndrome (CRS), leading to alveolar damage, pulmonary fibrinolysis, dysregulated coagulation, and pulmonary injury. Into the systemic circulation, cytokines in excess might leak out of pulmonary circulation, causing systemic symptoms and possibly a multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome. Preexisting comorbidities are also linked to worse COVID-19

outcome:

studies suggest that diabetes and hypertension are linked to higher mortality rates. Such comorbidities are more frequent in PLWH, but it is unclear if they have worse outcomes in the case of COVID-19. The literature was searched in PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE, and manually in COVID-19 resources. EXPERT OPINION A body of evidence shows that HIV and SARS-CoV-2 are able to activate inflammatory pathways, acute in the case of SARS-CoV-2, chronic in the case of HIV, while the comorbidities seem to represent, in the first case, a contributory cause, in the second an effect of the virus-induced damage.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: HIV Infections / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Expert Rev Clin Immunol Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 1744666X.2021.1886080

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: HIV Infections / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Expert Rev Clin Immunol Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 1744666X.2021.1886080