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Sex, Hormones, Immune Functions, and Susceptibility to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Related Morbidity.
Gotluru, Chitra; Roach, Allison; Cherry, Sheldon H; Runowicz, Carolyn D.
  • Gotluru C; Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
Obstet Gynecol ; 137(3): 423-429, 2021 03 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1066430
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), uses two primary receptors, type II transmembrane serine protease and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, for priming and cellular invasion, respectively. Both proteins have been demonstrated to be present in different concentrations in females and males, which may explain a mechanism for the reported higher case-fatality rate in males. Despite the known sex difference in COVID-19 disease mortality, preliminary data suggest there are certain female populations, including pregnant and menopausal women and possibly polycystic ovarian syndrome patients who are more susceptible to COVID-19-related morbidity. This commentary analyzes the interplay between sex differences, hormones, and the immune function in each of these populations with respect to the risk and severity of COVID-19 and proposes biological rationales to explain these differences.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Genetic Predisposition to Disease / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Pregnancy Language: English Journal: Obstet Gynecol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Genetic Predisposition to Disease / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Pregnancy Language: English Journal: Obstet Gynecol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article