A comprehensive review on potential therapeutics interventions for COVID-19.
Eur J Pharmacol
; 890: 173741, 2021 Jan 05.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1071295
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new beta coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan, China. Being primarily a respiratory disease, it is highly transmissible through both direct and indirect contacts. It displays a range of symptoms in different individuals and thus has been grouped into mild, moderate, and severe diseases. The virus utilizes spike proteins present on its surface to recognize ACE-2 receptors present on the host cells to enter the cell cytoplasm and replicate. The viral invasion of cells induces damage response, pyroptosis, infiltration of immune cells, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), and activation of the adaptive immune system. Depending on viral load and host factors like age and underlying medical conditions, the immune responses mounted against SARS-CoV-2 may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure, and death. In this review, we specify and justify both viral and host therapeutic targets that can be modulated to relieve the symptoms and treat the disease. Furthermore, we discuss vaccine development in the time of pandemic and the most promising vaccine candidates by far, according to WHO database. Finally, we discuss the conventional re-purposed drugs and potential alternative treatments as adjuvants.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Antiviral Agents
/
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
/
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
/
Medicine, Ayurvedic
/
Medicine, Chinese Traditional
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
Topics:
Traditional medicine
/
Vaccines
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Eur J Pharmacol
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.ejphar.2020.173741
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