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Assessing the regional impact of Japan's COVID-19 state of emergency declaration: a population-level observational study using social networking services.
Yoneoka, Daisuke; Shi, Shoi; Nomura, Shuhei; Tanoue, Yuta; Kawashima, Takayuki; Eguchi, Akifumi; Matsuura, Kentaro; Makiyama, Koji; Uryu, Shinya; Ejima, Keisuke; Sakamoto, Haruka; Taniguchi, Toshibumi; Kunishima, Hiroyuki; Gilmour, Stuart; Nishiura, Hiroshi; Miyata, Hiroaki.
  • Yoneoka D; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Shi S; Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Nomura S; Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Tanoue Y; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Kawashima T; Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan.
  • Eguchi A; Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Matsuura K; Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Makiyama K; Institute for Business and Finance, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Uryu S; Department of Mathematical and Computing Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Ejima K; Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
  • Sakamoto H; Department of Management Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Taniguchi T; HOXO-M, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Kunishima H; HOXO-M, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Gilmour S; Yahoo Japan Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Nishiura H; Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, Tsukuba, Japan.
  • Miyata H; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
BMJ Open ; 11(2): e042002, 2021 02 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1085262
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

On 7 April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in response to the novel coronavirus outbreak. To estimate the impact of the declaration on regional cities with low numbers of COVID-19 cases, large-scale surveillance to capture the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 was urgently conducted in this study.

DESIGN:

Cohort study.

SETTING:

Social networking service (SNS)-based online survey conducted in five prefectures of Japan Tottori, Kagawa, Shimane, Tokushima and Okayama.

PARTICIPANTS:

127 121 participants from the five prefectures surveyed between 24 March and 5 May 2020.

INTERVENTIONS:

An SNS-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19 Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was launched. It asks questions regarding postcode, personal information, preventive actions, and current and past symptoms related to COVID-19. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME

MEASURES:

Empirical Bayes estimates of age-sex-standardised incidence rate (EBSIR) of symptoms and the spatial correlation between the number of those who reported having symptoms and the number of COVID-19 cases were examined to identify the geographical distribution of symptoms in the five prefectures.

RESULTS:

97.8% of participants had no subjective symptoms. We identified several geographical clusters of fever with significant spatial correlation (r=0.67) with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, especially in the urban centres of prefectural capital cities.

CONCLUSIONS:

Given that there are still several high-risk areas measured by EBSIR, careful discussion on which areas should be reopened at the end of the state of emergency is urgently required using real-time SNS system to monitor the nationwide epidemic.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Social Networking / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2020-042002

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Social Networking / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2020-042002