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Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability.
Bartsch, Yannic C; Fischinger, Stephanie; Siddiqui, Sameed M; Chen, Zhilin; Yu, Jingyou; Gebre, Makda; Atyeo, Caroline; Gorman, Matthew J; Zhu, Alex Lee; Kang, Jaewon; Burke, John S; Slein, Matthew; Gluck, Matthew J; Beger, Samuel; Hu, Yiyuan; Rhee, Justin; Petersen, Eric; Mormann, Benjamin; Aubin, Michael de St; Hasdianda, Mohammad A; Jambaulikar, Guruprasad; Boyer, Edward W; Sabeti, Pardis C; Barouch, Dan H; Julg, Boris D; Musk, Elon R; Menon, Anil S; Lauffenburger, Douglas A; Nilles, Eric J; Alter, Galit.
  • Bartsch YC; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Fischinger S; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Siddiqui SM; Institut für HIV Forschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
  • Chen Z; Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Yu J; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Gebre M; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Atyeo C; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Gorman MJ; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Zhu AL; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Kang J; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Burke JS; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Slein M; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Gluck MJ; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Beger S; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Hu Y; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Rhee J; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Petersen E; Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA.
  • Mormann B; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Nw York, USA.
  • Aubin MS; Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA.
  • Hasdianda MA; Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA.
  • Jambaulikar G; Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA.
  • Boyer EW; Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA.
  • Sabeti PC; Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA.
  • Barouch DH; Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Julg BD; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Musk ER; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Menon AS; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Lauffenburger DA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Nilles EJ; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA.
  • Alter G; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 1018, 2021 02 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1085426
ABSTRACT
Antibodies serve as biomarkers of infection, but if sustained can confer long-term immunity. Yet, for most clinically approved vaccines, binding antibody titers only serve as a surrogate of protection. Instead, the ability of vaccine induced antibodies to neutralize or mediate Fc-effector functions is mechanistically linked to protection. While evidence has begun to point to persisting antibody responses among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, cases of re-infection have begun to emerge, calling the protective nature of humoral immunity against this highly infectious pathogen into question. Using a community-based surveillance study, we aimed to define the relationship between titers and functional antibody activity to SARS-CoV-2 over time. Here we report significant heterogeneity, but limited decay, across antibody titers amongst 120 identified seroconverters, most of whom had asymptomatic infection. Notably, neutralization, Fc-function, and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses were only observed in subjects that elicited RBD-specific antibody titers above a threshold. The findings point to a switch-like relationship between observed antibody titer and function, where a distinct threshold of activity-defined by the level of antibodies-is required to elicit vigorous humoral and cellular response. This response activity level may be essential for durable protection, potentially explaining why re-infections occur with SARS-CoV-2 and other common coronaviruses.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Antibodies, Viral Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Language: English Journal: Nat Commun Journal subject: Biology / Science Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41467-021-21336-8

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Antibodies, Viral Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Language: English Journal: Nat Commun Journal subject: Biology / Science Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41467-021-21336-8