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Coinfection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus increases disease severity, cell trophism and earlier upregulation of IFN-α and IL12.
Saeng-Chuto, Kepalee; Madapong, Adthakorn; Kaeoket, Kampon; Piñeyro, Pablo Enrique; Tantituvanont, Angkana; Nilubol, Dachrit.
  • Saeng-Chuto K; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henry Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
  • Madapong A; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henry Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
  • Kaeoket K; Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
  • Piñeyro PE; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
  • Tantituvanont A; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Nilubol D; Cell-Based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 3040, 2021 02 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1107304
ABSTRACT
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) cause an enteric disease characterized by diarrhea clinically indistinguishable. Both viruses are simultaneously detected in clinical cases, but a study involving the co-infection has not been reported. The study was therefore conducted to investigate the disease severity following a co-infection with PEDV and PDCoV. In the study, 4-day-old pigs were orally inoculated with PEDV and PDCoV, either alone or in combination. Following challenge, fecal score was monitored on a daily basis. Fecal swabs were collected and assayed for the presence of viruses. Three pigs per group were necropsied at 3 and 5 days post inoculation (dpi). Microscopic lesions and villous height to crypt depth (VHCD) ratio, together with the presence of PEDV and PDCoV antigens, were evaluated in small intestinal tissues. Expressions of interferon alpha (IFN-α) and interleukin 12 (IL12) were investigated in small intestinal mucosa. The findings indicated that coinoculation increased the disease severity, demonstrated by significantly prolonged fecal score and virus shedding and decreasing VHCD ratio in the jejunum compared with pigs inoculated with either PEDV or PDCoV alone. Notably, in single-inoculated groups, PEDV and PDCoV antigens were detected only in villous enterocytes wile in the coinoculated group, PDCoV antigen was detected in both villous enterocytes and crypts. IFN-α and IL12 were significantly up-regulated in coinoculated groups in comparison with single-inoculated groups. In conclusion, co-infection with PEDV and PDCoV exacerbate clinical signs and have a synergetic on the regulatory effect inflammatory cytokines compared to a single infection with either virus.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Interferon-alpha / Interleukin-12 / Diarrhea / Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Deltacoronavirus Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Sci Rep Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41598-021-82738-8

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Interferon-alpha / Interleukin-12 / Diarrhea / Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Deltacoronavirus Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Sci Rep Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41598-021-82738-8