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Covid-19 and oral diseases: Crosstalk, synergy or association?
Brandini, Daniela A; Takamiya, Aline S; Thakkar, Pari; Schaller, Samantha; Rahat, Rani; Naqvi, Afsar R.
  • Brandini DA; Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Takamiya AS; Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Thakkar P; Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Schaller S; Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Rahat R; Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Naqvi AR; Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Rev Med Virol ; 31(6): e2226, 2021 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1107716
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that clinically affects multiple organs of the human body. Cells in the oral cavity express viral entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 that allows viral replication and may cause tissue inflammation and destruction. Recent studies have reported that Covid-19 patients present oral manifestations with multiple clinical aspects. In this review, we aim to summarise main signs and symptoms of Covid-19 in the oral cavity, its possible association with oral diseases, and the plausible underlying mechanisms of hyperinflammation reflecting crosstalk between Covid-19 and oral diseases. Ulcers, blisters, necrotising gingivitis, opportunistic coinfections, salivary gland alterations, white and erythematous plaques and gustatory dysfunction were the most reported clinical oral manifestations in patients with Covid-19. In general, the lesions appear concomitant with the loss of smell and taste. Multiple reports show evidences of necrotic/ulcerative gingiva, oral blisters and hypergrowth of opportunistic oral pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits tropism for endothelial cells and Covid-19-mediated endotheliitis can not only promote inflammation in oral tissues but can also facilitate virus spread. In addition, elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators in patients with Covid-19 and oral infectious disease can impair tissue homeostasis and cause delayed disease resolution. This suggests potential crosstalk of immune-mediated pathways underlying pathogenesis. Interestingly, few reports suggest recurrent herpetic lesions and higher bacterial growth in Covid-19 subjects, indicating SARS-CoV-2 and oral virus/bacteria interaction. Larger cohort studies comparing SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive subjects will reveal oral manifestation of the virus on oral health and its role in exacerbating oral infection.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Periodontal Diseases / Sialadenitis / Stomatitis, Aphthous / Xerostomia / Herpesviridae Infections / Oral Ulcer / COVID-19 / Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Language: English Journal: Rev Med Virol Journal subject: Virology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Rmv.2226

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Periodontal Diseases / Sialadenitis / Stomatitis, Aphthous / Xerostomia / Herpesviridae Infections / Oral Ulcer / COVID-19 / Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Language: English Journal: Rev Med Virol Journal subject: Virology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Rmv.2226