COVID19 and SARSCoV2 host cell entry mediators: Expression profiling of TMRSS4 in health and disease.
Int J Mol Med
; 47(4)2021 04.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1112802
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus2 (SARSCoV2), the causative viral agent for the ongoing COVID19 pandemic, enters its host cells primarily via the binding of the SARSCoV2 spike (S) proteins to the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A number of other cell entry mediators have also been identified, including neuropilin1 (NRP1) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). More recently, it has been demonstrated that transmembrane protease serine 4 (TMPRSS4) along with TMPRSS2 activate the SARSCoV2 S proteins, and enhance the viral infection of human small intestinal enterocytes. To date, a systematic analysis of TMPRSS4 in health and disease is lacking. In the present study, using in silico tools, the gene expression and genetic alteration of TMPRSS4 were analysed across numerous tumours and compared to controls. The observations were also expanded to the level of the central nervous system (CNS). The findings revealed that TMPRSS4 was overexpressed in 11 types of cancer, including lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, ovarian cancer, cancer of the rectum, pancreatic cancer, colon and stomach adenocarcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, whilst it was significantly downregulated in kidney carcinomas, acute myeloid leukaemia, skin cutaneous melanoma and testicular germ cell tumours. Finally, a high TMPRSS4 expression was documented in the olfactory tubercle, paraolfactory gyrus and frontal operculum, all brain regions which are associated with the sense of smell and taste. Collectively, these data suggest that TMPRSS4 may play a role in COVID19 symptomatology as another SARSCoV2 host cell entry mediator responsible for the tropism of this coronavirus both in the periphery and the CNS.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Serine Endopeptidases
/
Virus Internalization
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
/
Membrane Proteins
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
English
Journal subject:
Molecular Biology
/
Genetics, Medical
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Ijmm.2021.4897
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