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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine and Nonspecific Immunity.
Parmar, Kanak; Siddiqui, Afzal; Nugent, Kenneth.
  • Parmar K; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
  • Siddiqui A; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
  • Nugent K; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. Electronic address: Kenneth.nugent@ttuhsc.edu.
Am J Med Sci ; 361(6): 683-689, 2021 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1118316
ABSTRACT
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world. It protects against many non-mycobacterial infections secondary to its nonspecific immune effects. The mechanism for these effects includes modification of innate and adaptive immunity. The alteration in innate immunity is through histone modifications and epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes to develop an inflammatory phenotype, a process called "trained immunity." The memory T cells of adaptive immunity are also responsible for resistance against secondary infections after administration of BCG vaccine, a process called "heterologous immunity." Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is known to not only boosts immune responses to many vaccines when they are co-administered but also decrease severity of these infections when used alone. The BCG vaccine by itself induces a TH1 type response, and its use as a vector has also shown promising results. This review article summarizes the studies showing effects of BCG vaccines on various viral infections, its role in enhancing vaccine responses, the mechanisms for this protective effect, and information on its effect on COVID-19.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: BCG Vaccine / Adaptive Immunity / COVID-19 / Immunity, Innate Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Am J Med Sci Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.amjms.2021.03.003

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: BCG Vaccine / Adaptive Immunity / COVID-19 / Immunity, Innate Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Am J Med Sci Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.amjms.2021.03.003