Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
; 12(1): 321-333, 2021.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1118539
ABSTRACT
The Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) are characterised by chronic non-resolving gut mucosal inflammation involving innate and adaptive immune responses. Neutrophils, usually regarded as first responders in inflammation, are a key presence in the gut mucosal inflammatory milieu in IBD. Here, we review the role of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation as a potential effector disease mechanism. NETs are extracellular webs of chromatin, microbicidal proteins and oxidative enzymes that are released by neutrophils to contain pathogens. NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis; and recently, as a major tissue damaging process involved in the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. NETs are pertinent as a defence mechanism at the gut mucosal interphase exposed to high levels of bacteria, viruses and fungi. On the other hand, NETs can also potentiate and perpetuate gut inflammation. In this review, we discuss the broad protective vs. pathogenic roles of NETs, explanatory factors that could lead to an increase in NET formation in IBD and how NETs may contribute to gut inflammation and IBD-related complications. Finally, we summarise therapeutic opportunities to target NETs in IBD.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
/
Translational Research, Biomedical
/
Extracellular Traps
/
Neutrophils
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.jcmgh.2021.03.002
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