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Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: A cross-sectional study based on national data.
Ibarra-Nava, Ismael; Flores-Rodriguez, Kathia G; Ruiz-Herrera, Violeta; Ochoa-Bayona, Hilda C; Salinas-Zertuche, Alfonso; Padilla-Orozco, Magaly; Salazar-Montalvo, Raul G.
  • Ibarra-Nava I; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
  • Flores-Rodriguez KG; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
  • Ruiz-Herrera V; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
  • Ochoa-Bayona HC; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
  • Salinas-Zertuche A; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
  • Padilla-Orozco M; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
  • Salazar-Montalvo RG; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
PLoS One ; 16(3): e0239168, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1125199
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ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minorities. How ethnicity affects Indigenous peoples in Mexico is unclear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the mortality associated with ethnicity, particularly of Indigenous peoples, in a large sample of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico.

METHODS:

We used open access data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, which includes data of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country. We used descriptive statistics to compare differences among different groups of patients. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios while adjusting for confounders.

RESULTS:

From February 28 to August 3, 2020, a total of 416546 adult patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. Among these, 4178 were Indigenous peoples. Among all patients with COVID-19, whether hospitalized or not, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died compared to non-Indigenous people (16.5% vs 11.1%, respectively). Among hospitalized patients, a higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died (37.1%) compared to non-Indigenous peoples (36.3%). Deaths outside the hospital were also higher among Indigenous peoples (3.7% vs 1.7%). A higher proportion of Indigenous peoples died in both the private and public health care sectors. The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.24). The adjusted odds ratio for COVID-19 mortality among Indigenous peoples with COVID-19 was higher among those who received only ambulatory care (1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.92).

DISCUSSION:

In this large sample of patients with COVID-19, the findings suggest that Indigenous peoples in Mexico have a higher risk of death from COVID-19, especially outside the hospital. These findings suggest Indigenous peoples lack access to care more so than non-Indigenous people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Healthcare Disparities / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0239168

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Healthcare Disparities / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Mexico Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0239168