Insight into the emerging role of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural and accessory proteins in modulation of multiple mechanisms of host innate defense.
Bosn J Basic Med Sci
; 21(5): 515-527, 2021 Oct 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1134549
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an extremely infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has become a major global health concern. The induction of a coordinated immune response is crucial to the elimination of any pathogenic infection. However, SARS-CoV-2 can modulate the host immune system to favor viral adaptation and persistence within the host. The virus can counteract type I interferon (IFN-I) production, attenuating IFN-I signaling pathway activation and disrupting antigen presentation. Simultaneously, SARS-CoV-2 infection can enhance apoptosis and the production of inflammatory mediators, which ultimately results in increased disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 produces an array of effector molecules, including nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and open-reading frames (ORFs) accessory proteins. We describe the complex molecular interplay of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs and accessory proteins with the host's signaling mediating immune evasion in the current review. In addition, the crucial role played by immunomodulation therapy to address immune evasion is discussed. Thus, the current review can provide new directions for the development of vaccines and specific therapies.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
/
Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
/
Immune Evasion
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
/
Immunity, Innate
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Bosn J Basic Med Sci
Journal subject:
Medicine
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Bjbms.2020.5543
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