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COVID-19: pathogenesis, advances in treatment and vaccine development and environmental impact-an updated review.
Attia, Youssef A; El-Saadony, Mohamed T; Swelum, Ayman A; Qattan, Shaza Y A; Al-Qurashi, Adel D; Asiry, Khalid A; Shafi, Manal E; Elbestawy, Ahmed R; Gado, Ahmed R; Khafaga, Asmaa F; Hussein, Elsayed O S; Ba-Awadh, Hani; Tiwari, Ruchi; Dhama, Kuldeep; Alhussaini, Bakr; Alyileili, Salem R; El-Tarabily, Khaled A; Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E.
  • Attia YA; Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. yaattia@kau.edu.sa.
  • El-Saadony MT; The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. yaattia@kau.edu.sa.
  • Swelum AA; Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt. yaattia@kau.edu.sa.
  • Qattan SYA; Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
  • Al-Qurashi AD; Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. aswelum@ksu.edu.sa.
  • Asiry KA; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt. aswelum@ksu.edu.sa.
  • Shafi ME; Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
  • Elbestawy AR; Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
  • Gado AR; Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
  • Khafaga AF; Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
  • Hussein EOS; Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt.
  • Ba-Awadh H; Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt.
  • Tiwari R; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Alexandria, 22758, Egypt.
  • Dhama K; Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alhussaini B; Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alyileili SR; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India.
  • El-Tarabily KA; Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar-243, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 122, India.
  • Abd El-Hack ME; Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 28(18): 22241-22264, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1139377
ABSTRACT
Diseases negatively impact the environment, causing many health risks and the spread of pollution and hazards. A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a recent respiratory syndrome epidemic in humans. In December 2019, the sudden emergence of this new coronavirus and the subsequent severe disease it causes created a serious global health threat and hazards. This is in contrast to the two aforementioned coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 (in 2002) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV (in 2012), which were much more easily contained. The World Health Organization (WHO) dubbed this contagious respiratory disease an "epidemic outbreak" in March 2020. More than 80 companies and research institutions worldwide are working together, in cooperation with many governmental agencies, to develop an effective vaccine. To date, six authorized vaccines have been registered. Up till now, no approved drugs and drug scientists are racing from development to clinical trials to find new drugs for COVID-19. Wild animals, such as snakes, bats, and pangolins are the main sources of coronaviruses, as determined by the sequence homology between MERS-CoV and viruses in these animals. Human infection is caused by inhalation of respiratory droplets. To date, the only available treatment protocol for COVID-19 is based on the prevalent clinical signs. This review aims to summarize the current information regarding the origin, evolution, genomic organization, epidemiology, and molecular and cellular characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the diagnostic and treatment approaches for COVID-19 and its impact on global health, environment, and economy.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Journal subject: Environmental Health / Toxicology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S11356-021-13018-1

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Journal subject: Environmental Health / Toxicology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S11356-021-13018-1