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SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Different Cytokine Response Compared to Other Cytokine Storm-Causing Respiratory Viruses in Severely Ill Patients.
Olbei, Marton; Hautefort, Isabelle; Modos, Dezso; Treveil, Agatha; Poletti, Martina; Gul, Lejla; Shannon-Lowe, Claire D; Korcsmaros, Tamas.
  • Olbei M; Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Hautefort I; Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Modos D; Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Treveil A; Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Poletti M; Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Gul L; Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Shannon-Lowe CD; Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
  • Korcsmaros T; Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.
Front Immunol ; 12: 629193, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1140644
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ABSTRACT
Hyper-induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, also known as a cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is one of the key aspects of the currently ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This process occurs when a large number of innate and adaptive immune cells activate and start producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, establishing an exacerbated feedback loop of inflammation. It is one of the factors contributing to the mortality observed with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) for a subgroup of patients. CRS is not unique to the SARS-CoV-2 infection; it was prevalent in most of the major human coronavirus and influenza A subtype outbreaks of the past two decades (H5N1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and H7N9). With a comprehensive literature search, we collected changing the cytokine levels from patients upon infection with the viral pathogens mentioned above. We analyzed published patient data to highlight the conserved and unique cytokine responses caused by these viruses. Our curation indicates that the cytokine response induced by SARS-CoV-2 is different compared to other CRS-causing respiratory viruses, as SARS-CoV-2 does not always induce specific cytokines like other coronaviruses or influenza do, such as IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, or IL-5. Comparing the collated cytokine responses caused by the analyzed viruses highlights a SARS-CoV-2-specific dysregulation of the type-I interferon (IFN) response and its downstream cytokine signatures. The map of responses gathered in this study could help specialists identify interventions that alleviate CRS in different diseases and evaluate whether they could be used in the COVID-19 cases.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Influenza A virus / Severity of Illness Index / Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Influenza, Human / Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / Cytokine Release Syndrome / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2021.629193

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Influenza A virus / Severity of Illness Index / Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Influenza, Human / Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus / Cytokine Release Syndrome / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Reviews Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2021.629193