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Perspective: diagnostic laboratories should urgently develop T cell assays for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Ameratunga, Rohan; Woon, See-Tarn; Jordan, Anthony; Longhurst, Hilary; Leung, Euphemia; Steele, Richard; Lehnert, Klaus; Snell, Russell; Brooks, Anna E S.
  • Ameratunga R; Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Grafton Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Woon ST; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Jordan A; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Longhurst H; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Leung E; Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Grafton Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Steele R; Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Grafton Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Lehnert K; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zeland.
  • Snell R; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
  • Brooks AES; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol ; 17(5): 421-430, 2021 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1145096
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Diagnostic tests play a critical role in the management of Sars-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. There are two groups of tests, which are in widespread use to identify patients who have contracted the virus. The commonly used reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test becomes negative once viral shedding ceases by approximately 2-3weeks. Antibody tests directed to viral antigens become positive after the second week of infection. IgG antibody responses to the virus are muted in children, pregnant females, and those with mild symptoms. IgA and IgM antibodies rapidly wane, although IgG antibodies directed to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) glycoprotein are more durable. Current data show variability in the sensitivity of commercial and in-house antibody tests to SARS-CoV-2.Areas covered The role of T cells in acute illness is uncertain, but long-term protection against the virus may rely on memory T cell responses. Measuring memory T cell responses is important for retrospective confirmation of cases, who may have been infected early in the pandemic before reliable RT-qPCR tests were available and whose SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may have become undetectable. Relevant peer-reviewed published references from PubMed are included up to 15 March 2021.Expert opinion After surveying the literature, the authors present the case for urgent development of diagnostic T cell assays for SARS-CoV-2 by accredited laboratories.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: T-Lymphocytes / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Immunologic Memory Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Expert Rev Clin Immunol Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 1744666X.2021.1905525

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: T-Lymphocytes / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Immunologic Memory Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Expert Rev Clin Immunol Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 1744666X.2021.1905525