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SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva.
Huang, Ni; Pérez, Paola; Kato, Takafumi; Mikami, Yu; Okuda, Kenichi; Gilmore, Rodney C; Conde, Cecilia Domínguez; Gasmi, Billel; Stein, Sydney; Beach, Margaret; Pelayo, Eileen; Maldonado, Jose O; Lafont, Bernard A; Jang, Shyh-Ing; Nasir, Nadia; Padilla, Ricardo J; Murrah, Valerie A; Maile, Robert; Lovell, William; Wallet, Shannon M; Bowman, Natalie M; Meinig, Suzanne L; Wolfgang, Matthew C; Choudhury, Saibyasachi N; Novotny, Mark; Aevermann, Brian D; Scheuermann, Richard H; Cannon, Gabrielle; Anderson, Carlton W; Lee, Rhianna E; Marchesan, Julie T; Bush, Mandy; Freire, Marcelo; Kimple, Adam J; Herr, Daniel L; Rabin, Joseph; Grazioli, Alison; Das, Sanchita; French, Benjamin N; Pranzatelli, Thomas; Chiorini, John A; Kleiner, David E; Pittaluga, Stefania; Hewitt, Stephen M; Burbelo, Peter D; Chertow, Daniel; Frank, Karen; Lee, Janice; Boucher, Richard C; Teichmann, Sarah A.
  • Huang N; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
  • Pérez P; Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Kato T; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Mikami Y; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Okuda K; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Gilmore RC; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Conde CD; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
  • Gasmi B; Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Stein S; Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Beach M; Emerging Pathogens Section, Department of Critical Care Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Pelayo E; Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Maldonado JO; Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Lafont BA; Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Jang SI; AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Nasir N; SARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Padilla RJ; Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Murrah VA; Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Maile R; Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Lovell W; Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Wallet SM; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Bowman NM; Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Meinig SL; Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Wolfgang MC; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Choudhury SN; Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Novotny M; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Aevermann BD; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Scheuermann RH; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Cannon G; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Anderson CW; Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  • Lee RE; Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  • Marchesan JT; Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  • Bush M; Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  • Freire M; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  • Kimple AJ; The Advanced Analytics Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Herr DL; The Advanced Analytics Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Rabin J; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Grazioli A; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Das S; Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • French BN; Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Pranzatelli T; Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  • Chiorini JA; Department of Infectious Disease, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
  • Kleiner DE; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Pittaluga S; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Hewitt SM; Department of Shock Trauma Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Burbelo PD; Department of Surgery, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Chertow D; Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Frank K; AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Lee J; AAV Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Boucher RC; Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Teichmann SA; Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nat Med ; 27(5): 892-903, 2021 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1152866
ABSTRACT
Despite signs of infection-including taste loss, dry mouth and mucosal lesions such as ulcerations, enanthema and macules-the involvement of the oral cavity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. To address this, we generated and analyzed two single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of the human minor salivary glands and gingiva (9 samples, 13,824 cells), identifying 50 cell clusters. Using integrated cell normalization and annotation, we classified 34 unique cell subpopulations between glands and gingiva. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral entry factors such as ACE2 and TMPRSS members were broadly enriched in epithelial cells of the glands and oral mucosae. Using orthogonal RNA and protein expression assessments, we confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the glands and mucosae. Saliva from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals harbored epithelial cells exhibiting ACE2 and TMPRSS expression and sustained SARS-CoV-2 infection. Acellular and cellular salivary fractions from asymptomatic individuals were found to transmit SARS-CoV-2 ex vivo. Matched nasopharyngeal and saliva samples displayed distinct viral shedding dynamics, and salivary viral burden correlated with COVID-19 symptoms, including taste loss. Upon recovery, this asymptomatic cohort exhibited sustained salivary IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, these data show that the oral cavity is an important site for SARS-CoV-2 infection and implicate saliva as a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Saliva / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Mouth Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Nat Med Journal subject: Molecular Biology / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41591-021-01296-8

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Saliva / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Mouth Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Nat Med Journal subject: Molecular Biology / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41591-021-01296-8