HIF-1, the Warburg Effect, and Macrophage/Microglia Polarization Potential Role in COVID-19 Pathogenesis.
Oxid Med Cell Longev
; 2021: 8841911, 2021.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1156027
ABSTRACT
Despite the international scientific community's commitment to improve clinical knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), knowledge regarding molecular details remains limited. In this review, we discuss hypoxia's potential role in the pathogenesis of the maladaptive immune reaction against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The state of infection, with serious respiratory dysfunction, causes tissues to become hypoxic due to a discrepancy between cellular O2 uptake and consumption similar to that seen within tumor tissue during the progression of numerous solid cancers. In this context, the heterogeneous clinical behavior and the multiorgan deterioration of COVID-19 are discussed as a function of the upregulated expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and of the metabolic reprogramming associated with HIF-1 and with a proinflammatory innate immune response activation, independent of the increase in the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Possible pharmacological strategies targeting O2 aimed to improve prognosis are suggested.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cell Polarity
/
Microglia
/
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1
/
Warburg Effect, Oncologic
/
COVID-19
/
Macrophages
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Journal subject:
Metabolism
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
2021
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