Viral Respiratory Pathogens and Lung Injury.
Clin Microbiol Rev
; 34(3)2021 06 16.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1166352
ABSTRACT
Several viruses target the human respiratory tract, causing different clinical manifestations spanning from mild upper airway involvement to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As dramatically evident in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical picture is not always easily predictable due to the combined effect of direct viral and indirect patient-specific immune-mediated damage. In this review, we discuss the main RNA (orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses) and DNA (adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and bocaviruses) viruses with respiratory tropism and their mechanisms of direct and indirect cell damage. We analyze the thin line existing between a protective immune response, capable of limiting viral replication, and an unbalanced, dysregulated immune activation often leading to the most severe complication. Our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved is increasing and this should pave the way for the development and clinical use of new tailored immune-based antiviral strategies.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Respiratory Tract Infections
/
RNA Viruses
/
Virus Diseases
/
DNA Viruses
/
Lung Injury
Type of study:
Diagnostic study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Adult
/
Aged
/
Child
/
Child, preschool
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
/
Middle aged
/
Infant, Newborn
Language:
English
Journal subject:
Microbiology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
CMR.00103-20
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