Syndemics at play: chronic kidney disease, diabetes and COVID-19 in Pakistan.
Ann Med
; 53(1): 581-586, 2021 12.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1171161
ABSTRACT
Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic, it has several specificities influencing its outcomes due to the entwinement of several factors, which anthropologists have called "syndemics". Drawing upon Singer and Clair's syndemics model, I focus on synergistic interaction among chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and COVID-19 in Pakistan. I argue that over 36 million people in Pakistan are standing at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19, developing severe complications, and losing their lives. These two diseases, but several other socio-cultural, economic, and political factors contributing to structured vulnerabilities, would function as confounders. To deal with the critical effects of these syndemics the government needs appropriate policies and their implementation during the pandemic and post-pandemic. To eliminate or at least minimize various vulnerabilities, Pakistan needs drastic changes, especially to overcome (formal) illiteracy, unemployment, poverty, gender difference, and rural and urban difference.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Diabetes Mellitus
/
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
/
Pandemics
/
Syndemic
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
English
Journal:
Ann Med
Journal subject:
Medicine
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
07853890.2021.1910335
Similar
MEDLINE
...
LILACS
LIS