Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis and host responses in the respiratory tract.
Nat Rev Microbiol
; 19(7): 425-441, 2021 07.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1171552
ABSTRACT
Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics of respiratory tract infections that produce a wide spectrum of clinical disease severity in humans. The novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and has since caused a pandemic. Both viral and host factors determine the extent and severity of virus-induced lung damage. The host's response to viral infection is necessary for viral clearance but may be deleterious and contribute to severe disease phenotypes. Similarly, tissue repair mechanisms are required for recovery from infection across the spectrum of disease severity; however, dysregulated repair responses may lead to chronic lung dysfunction. Understanding of the mechanisms of immunopathology and tissue repair following viral lower respiratory tract infection may broaden treatment options. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis, the contribution of the host response to severe clinical phenotypes and highlight early and late epithelial repair mechanisms following influenza virus infection, each of which has been well characterized. Although we are still learning about SARS-CoV-2 and its disease manifestations in humans, throughout the Review we discuss what is known about SARS-CoV-2 in the context of this broad knowledge of influenza virus, highlighting the similarities and differences between the respiratory viruses.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Orthomyxoviridae
/
Respiratory System
/
Respiratory Tract Infections
/
Influenza, Human
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Nat Rev Microbiol
Journal subject:
Microbiology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S41579-021-00542-7
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