From bedside to bench: regulation of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Exp Mol Med
; 53(4): 483-494, 2021 04.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1172552
ABSTRACT
The zoonotic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2), which causes COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019), has resulted in a pandemic. This has led to an urgent need to understand the molecular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection, factors associated with COVID-19 heterogeneity and severity, and therapeutic options for these patients. In this review, we discuss the role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection and describe variations in host factor expression as mechanisms underlying the symptoms and severity of COVID-19. We focus on two host factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss genetic variants associated with COVID-19 severity revealed in selected patients and based on genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Furthermore, we highlight important advances in cell and chromatin biology, such as single-cell RNA and chromatin sequencing and chromosomal conformation assays, as methods that may aid in the discovery of viral-host interactions in COVID-19. Understanding how regulation of host factor genes varies in physiological and pathological states might explain the heterogeneity observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection, help identify pathways for therapeutic development, and identify patients most likely to progress to severe COVID-19.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Serine Endopeptidases
/
Host-Pathogen Interactions
/
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Topics:
Variants
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Exp Mol Med
Journal subject:
Molecular Biology
/
Biochemistry
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S12276-021-00595-x
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