Your browser doesn't support javascript.
Incidence of Kawasaki disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in Japan.
Iio, Kyohei; Matsubara, Kousaku; Miyakoshi, Chisato; Ota, Kunitaka; Yamaoka, Rika; Eguchi, Junji; Matsumura, Osamu; Okutani, Takahiro; Ueda, Ikuyo; Nishiyama, Masahiro.
  • Iio K; Department of Pediatrics, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Matsubara K; Department of Pediatrics, Kobe City Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Miyakoshi C; Department of Pediatrics, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Ota K; Department of Pediatrics, Konan Medical Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Yamaoka R; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Eguchi J; Department of Pediatrics, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Matsumura O; Department of General Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Okutani T; Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Hyogo-ken Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Ueda I; Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kobe Central Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Nishiyama M; Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
BMJ Paediatr Open ; 5(1): e001034, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1183364
ABSTRACT

Background:

Epidemiological studies in Kawasaki disease (KD) have suggested infectious aetiology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, measures for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission also suppress the circulation of other contagious microorganisms. The primary objective is to compare the number and incidence of KD before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, and the secondary objective is to investigate temporal association between the KD epidemiology and activities of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral and bacterial infections.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2016 and 2020 in Kobe, Japan. We collected information of hospitalised KD children in Kobe. Child population was identified through the resident registry system. Activity of COVID-19 and 11 other infectious diseases was derived from a public health monitoring system. Monthly change of KD incidence was analysed using a difference-in-difference regression model.

Results:

Throughout the study period, 1027 KD children were identified. KD had begun to decline in April 2020, coinciding with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of KD cases (n=66) between April and December 2020 was 40% of the average in the same period in 2016-2019 (165/year). Annual KD incidence was 315, 300, 353, 347 and 188/100 000 children aged 0-4 years in 2016-2020, respectively. The difference-in-difference value of KD incidence was significantly reduced in the fourth quarter in 2020 (-15.8, 95% CI -28.0 to -3.5), compared with that in 2016-2019. Sentinel surveillance showed a marked decrease of all infectious diseases except exanthema subitum after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 86 COVID-19 cases aged <10 years and no KD children associated with COVID-19.

Conclusion:

This study showed that the number and incidence of KD was dramatically reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. This change was temporally associated with decreased activities of various infectious diseases other than COVID-19, supporting the hypothesis of infection-triggered pathogenesis in KD.
Subject(s)
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 / Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Type of study: Cohort study / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Humans / Infant / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: BMJ Paediatr Open Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjpo-2021-001034

Similar

MEDLINE

...
LILACS

LIS


Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 / Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Type of study: Cohort study / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Child / Child, preschool / Humans / Infant / Infant, Newborn Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: BMJ Paediatr Open Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjpo-2021-001034