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Altered immunoemotional regulatory system in COVID-19: From the origins to opportunities.
Pourriyahi, Homa; Saghazadeh, Amene; Rezaei, Nima.
  • Pourriyahi H; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
  • Saghazadeh A; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; MetaCognition Interest Group (MCIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
  • Rezaei N; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.
J Neuroimmunol ; 356: 577578, 2021 07 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1188802
ABSTRACT
The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have led to social regulations that caused substantial changes in manners of daily life. The subsequent loneliness and concerns of the pandemic during social distancing, quarantine, and lockdown are psychosocial stressors that negatively affect the immune system. These effects occur through mechanisms controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis that alter immune regulation, namely the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), which promotes inflammation and diminishes antiviral responses, leading to inadequate protection against viral disease. Unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances, and mental health consequences of COVID-19 add on to the pathological effects of loneliness, making immunity against this ferocious virus an even tougher fight. Therefore, social isolation, with its unintended consequences, has inherently paradoxical effects on immunity in relation to viral disease. Though this paradox can present a challenge, its acknowledgment can serve as an opportunity to address the associated issues and find ways to mitigate the adverse effects. In this review, we aim to explore, in detail, the pathological effects of the new social norms on immunity and present suggested methods to improve our physical, psychological, and healthcare abilities to fight viral infection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Stress, Psychological / Quarantine / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Qualitative research Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Neuroimmunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jneuroim.2021.577578

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Stress, Psychological / Quarantine / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Qualitative research Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Neuroimmunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jneuroim.2021.577578