Ischemic stroke on multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Association declared at match 2020 that the disease caused by nCoV-2019, the SARS-Cov-2, became a pandemic infection. The majority of patients infected by this new virus presented fever, cough and dyspnea, but also were reported cases of pneumonia leading to acute distress respiratory syndrome, acute kidney injury and encephalitis. Also, some patients presented a transient ischemic attack or a brain stroke as a complication of the infection. We will report a case of a pediatric patient that evolved with ischemic stroke after infection by nCoV-2019. METHODS: An 8 years old female patient, with previous asymptomatic infection by nCoV-2019 and no past medical history, started headache, abdominal pain and persistent fever for seven days evolving to left hemiparesis. At clinical assessment presented with ocular opening only when called (Glasgow coma scale of 14), tachypnea, dyspnea, hypotension, grade 3 muscular strength on left leg and grade 0 on left arm. Due to hypotension, at emergency sector, were initiated treatment with fluid resuscitation, but patient evolved to refractory shock needing vasoactive drugs and transference to intensive care unit. Performed cranial CT scan that showed recent extensive ischemic injury on territory supplied by left middle cerebral artery and occlusion of right internal carotid artery bifurcation. On laboratory tests patient presented increased C-reactive protein (35,8 mg/dL), ferritin (807 mg/ dL), D-dimer (13,69 μg/mL), ESR (50 mm/h) and troponin (0,097 ng/mL) with negative RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and serology for SARS-CoV-2 with negative IgM, negative IgA and positive IgG. Towards this clinical case, patient fulfilled criteria for Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS), so were initiated treatment with human immunoglobulin 2g/Kg at the 3rd day after the admission of the patient on the intensive care unit. Patient evolved hemodynamically stable, being possible to suspend vasoactive drugs at the 4th day after admission. RESULTS: Although PIMS-TS is still considered a rare outcome, recognize its clinical and laboratorial manifestations and its possible complications, like the ischemic stroke, is essential to make an adequate and a timely management during patient hospitalization.