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Clinical outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 among migrant populations in high-income countries: A systematic review.
Hayward, Sally E; Deal, Anna; Cheng, Cherie; Crawshaw, Alison; Orcutt, Miriam; Vandrevala, Tushna F; Norredam, Marie; Carballo, Manuel; Ciftci, Yusuf; Requena-Méndez, Ana; Greenaway, Christina; Carter, Jessica; Knights, Felicity; Mehrotra, Anushka; Seedat, Farah; Bozorgmehr, Kayvan; Veizis, Apostolos; Campos-Matos, Ines; Wurie, Fatima; McKee, Martin; Kumar, Bernadette; Hargreaves, Sally.
  • Hayward SE; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.
  • Deal A; Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
  • Cheng C; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.
  • Crawshaw A; Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
  • Orcutt M; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.
  • Vandrevala TF; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.
  • Norredam M; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
  • Carballo M; Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, Kingston University, London, UK.
  • Ciftci Y; Danish Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health, University of Copenhagen; Department of Infectious Diseases at Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Requena-Méndez A; International Centre for Migration, Health, and Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Greenaway C; Doctors of the World UK, London, UK.
  • Carter J; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insitutet, Solna, Sweden; and Barcelona Insitute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Knights F; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
  • Mehrotra A; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.
  • Seedat F; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.
  • Bozorgmehr K; Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK.
  • Veizis A; Public Health England, London, UK.
  • Campos-Matos I; Department of Population Medicine and Health and Health Services Research, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Section for Health Equity Studies & Migration, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Wurie F; Medecins Sans Frontieres Greece, Athens, Greece.
  • McKee M; Public Health England; and UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health, London, UK.
  • Kumar B; Public Health England; and UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK.
  • Hargreaves S; Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
J Migr Health ; 3: 100041, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1198907
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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Migrants in high-income countries may be at increased risk of COVID-19 due to their health and social circumstances, yet the extent to which they are affected and their predisposing risk factors are not clearly understood. We did a systematic review to assess clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in migrant populations, indirect health and social impacts, and to determine key risk factors.

METHODS:

We did a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020222135). We searched multiple databases to 18/11/2020 for peer-reviewed and grey literature on migrants (foreign-born) and COVID-19 in 82 high-income countries. We used our international networks to source national datasets and grey literature. Data were extracted on primary outcomes (cases, hospitalisations, deaths) and we evaluated secondary outcomes on indirect health and social impacts and risk factors using narrative synthesis.

RESULTS:

3016 data sources were screened with 158 from 15 countries included in the analysis (35 data sources for primary

outcomes:

cases [21], hospitalisations [4]; deaths [15]; 123 for secondary outcomes). We found that migrants are at increased risk of infection and are disproportionately represented among COVID-19 cases. Available datasets suggest a similarly disproportionate representation of migrants in reported COVID-19 deaths, as well as increased all-cause mortality in migrants in some countries in 2020. Undocumented migrants, migrant health and care workers, and migrants housed in camps have been especially affected. Migrants experience risk factors including high-risk occupations, overcrowded accommodation, and barriers to healthcare including inadequate information, language barriers, and reduced entitlement.

CONCLUSIONS:

Migrants in high-income countries are at high risk of exposure to, and infection with, COVID-19. These data are of immediate relevance to national public health and policy responses to the pandemic. Robust data on testing uptake and clinical outcomes in migrants, and barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination, are urgently needed, alongside strengthening engagement with diverse migrant groups.

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Topics: Vaccines Language: English Journal: J Migr Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jmh.2021.100041

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Topics: Vaccines Language: English Journal: J Migr Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jmh.2021.100041