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Vitamin D status of Arab Gulf residents screened for SARS-CoV-2 and its association with COVID-19 infection: a multi-centre case-control study.
Al-Daghri, Nasser M; Amer, Osama E; Alotaibi, Naif H; Aldisi, Dara A; Enani, Mushira A; Sheshah, Eman; Aljohani, Naji J; Alshingetti, Naemah; Alomar, Suliman Y; Alfawaz, Hanan; Hussain, Syed D; Alnaami, Abdullah M; Sabico, Shaun.
  • Al-Daghri NM; Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. ndaghri@ksu.edu.sa.
  • Amer OE; Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alotaibi NH; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
  • Aldisi DA; Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Enani MA; Infectious Diseases Section, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, 59046, Saudi Arabia.
  • Sheshah E; Diabetes Care Center, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, 12769, Saudi Arabia.
  • Aljohani NJ; Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alshingetti N; Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Alomar SY; Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alfawaz H; Doping Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
  • Hussain SD; College of Food Science & Agriculture, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alnaami AM; Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
  • Sabico S; Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
J Transl Med ; 19(1): 166, 2021 04 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1204087
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

Vitamin D status in patients with COVID-19 is an on-going controversial issue. This study aims to determine differences in the serum 25(OH)D concentrations of Arab Gulf adult residents screened for SARS-CoV-2 and its association with risk of COVID-19 infection together with other comorbidities.

METHODS:

In this multi-center, case-control study, a total of 220 male and female adults presenting with none to mild symptoms were screened for COVID-19 (n = 138 RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive and 82 negative controls). Medical history was noted. Anthropometrics were measured and non-fasting blood samples were collected for the assessment of glucose, lipids, inflammatory markers and serum 25(OH)D concentrations.

RESULTS:

Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the SARS-CoV-2 positive group compared to the negative group after adjustment for age and BMI (52.8 nmol/l ± 11.0 versus 64.5 nmol/l ± 11.1; p = 0.009). Being elderly (> 60 years) [Odds ratio 6 (95% Confidence Interval, CI 2-18; p = 0.001) as well as having type 2 diabetes (T2D) [OR 6 (95% CI 3-14); p < 0.001)] and low HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) [OR 6 (95% CI 3-14); p < 0.001)] were significant risk factors for COVID-19 infection independent of age, sex and obesity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among Arab Gulf residents screened for SARS-CoV-2, serum 25(OH) D levels were observed to be lower in those who tested positive than negative individuals, but it was the presence of old age, diabetes mellitus and low-HDL-c that were significantly associated with risk of COVID-19 infection. Large population-based randomized controlled trials should be conducted to assess the protective effects of vitamin D supplementation against COVID-19.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J Transl Med Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12967-021-02838-x

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: J Transl Med Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12967-021-02838-x