Radiation-Induced Pneumonitis in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Artificial Intelligence for Differential Diagnosis
Cancers
; 13(8):19, 2021.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1209870
ABSTRACT
(1) Aim:
To test the performance of a deep learning algorithm in discriminating radiation therapy-related pneumonitis (RP) from COVID-19 pneumonia. (2)Methods:
In this retrospective study, we enrolled three groups ofsubjects:
pneumonia-free (control group), COVID-19 pneumonia and RP patients. CT images were analyzed by mean of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm based on a novel deep convolutional neural network structure. The cut-off value of risk probability of COVID-19 was 30%;values higher than 30% were classified as COVID-19 High Risk, and values below 30% as COVID-19 Low Risk. The statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test (significance threshold at p < 0.05) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with fitting performed using the maximum likelihood fit of a binormal model. (3)Results:
Most patients presenting RP (66.7%) were classified by the algorithm as COVID-19 Low Risk. The algorithm showed high sensitivity but low specificity in the detection of RP against COVID-19 pneumonia (sensitivity = 97.0%, specificity = 2%, area under the curve (AUC = 0.72). The specificity increased when an estimated COVID-19 risk probability cut-off of 30% was applied (sensitivity 76%, specificity 63%, AUC = 0.84). (4)Conclusions:
The deep learning algorithm was able to discriminate RP from COVID-19 pneumonia, classifying most RP cases as COVID-19 Low Risk.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
MEDLINE
Type of study:
Diagnostic study
Language:
English
Journal:
Cancers
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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