Endocrine complications of immunotherapies: a review.
Clin Med (Lond)
; 21(2): e212-e222, 2021 03.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1215724
ABSTRACT
Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment has increased vastly over the past decade, as both single and combination agent therapies. While having a positive impact on survival rates, adverse effects have been noted, with endocrine effects in around 10% of patients. Thyroid disease and hypophysitis are the most commonly encountered, with diabetes mellitus and primary adrenal insufficiency also reported, as well as more rare endocrinopathies. Patient and clinician education to raise awareness of these effects, as well as regular monitoring to enable early recognition, diagnosis and prompt treatment of the immune side effects, are key. In this review, we discuss the aetiology, presentation and management of the endocrine complications of immunotherapies that are relevant to the general physician, as well as highlighting important areas where further research is still needed.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Thyroid Diseases
/
Addison Disease
/
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
/
Endocrine System Diseases
/
Hypophysitis
/
Neoplasms
Type of study:
Etiology study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Clin Med (Lond)
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
CLINMED.2020-0827
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