Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies.
Exp Mol Med
; 53(5): 723-736, 2021 05.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1217695
ABSTRACT
The innate immune system is the first line of the host defense program against pathogens and harmful substances. Antiviral innate immune responses can be triggered by multiple cellular receptors sensing viral components. The activated innate immune system produces interferons (IFNs) and cytokines that perform antiviral functions to eliminate invading viruses. Coronaviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that have a broad range of animal hosts. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple means to evade host antiviral immune responses. Successful immune evasion by coronaviruses may enable the viruses to adapt to multiple species of host organisms. Coronavirus transmission from zoonotic hosts to humans has caused serious illnesses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), resulting in global health and economic crises. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying host sensing of and innate immune responses against coronavirus invasion, as well as host immune evasion strategies of coronaviruses.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Coronavirus Infections
/
Coronaviridae
/
Immune Evasion
/
Immunity, Innate
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Exp Mol Med
Journal subject:
Molecular Biology
/
Biochemistry
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S12276-021-00602-1
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