Smoking Is Independently Associated With an Increased Risk for COVID-19 Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates.
Nicotine Tob Res
; 23(11): 1947-1951, 2021 10 07.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1246745
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Smoking can cause mucociliary clearing dysfunction and poor pulmonary immunity, leading to more severe infection. We performed this study to explore the association between smoking and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients utilizing a quantitative meta-analysis on the basis of adjusted effect estimates. AIMS ANDMETHODS:
We conducted a systematic search of the online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Only articles reporting adjusted effect estimates on the association between smoking and the risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients in English were included. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was fitted to assess the risk of bias. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled effect with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTS:
A total of 73 articles with 863 313 COVID-19 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Our results indicated that smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk for death in patients with COVID-19 (pooled relative risk = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.12-1.27). Sensitivity analysis indicated that our results were stable and robust.CONCLUSIONS:
Smoking was independently associated with an increased risk for mortality in COVID-19 patients. IMPLICATIONS This present study may contribute to summarizing the association between smoking and the risk of COVID-19 mortality based on adjusted effect estimates. More detailed and complete data on smoking status should be collected to more accurately estimate the effect of smoking on COVID-19 mortality.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Tobacco Smoking
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
/
Reviews
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Nicotine Tob Res
Journal subject:
Public Health
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Ntr
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