Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes of Novel Coronavirus Infection, January-March 2020, Japan.
J Epidemiol
; 31(8): 487-494, 2021 08 05.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1247748
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Notifications of novel coronavirus infections increased in early 2020 in Japan. We described characteristics of novel coronavirus infection cases and analyzed risk factors for severe outcomes.METHODS:
Cases were persons with laboratory-confirmed novel coronavirus infection reported under national surveillance between January and March 2020. Clinical characteristics were described, and risk factors of (1) intensive care unit [ICU] admission and (2) invasive ventilation/death were analyzed using Poisson regression.RESULTS:
Among the 516 cases analyzed, median age was 60 years (range 1-97 years) and 285 (55%) were male. Common symptoms/signs were fever (375/475, 79%), cough (353/465, 76%), and pneumonia (245/387, 63%). Ten (2%) cases died. Of the 348 cases with data, 50 (14%) required invasive ventilation. Adjusted for each other, male gender and 1-year increase in age were associated with ICU admission (risk ratio [RR] 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-10.32 and RR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08, respectively) and invasive ventilation/death (RR 2.79; 95% CI, 1.49-5.21 and RR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.08, respectively). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and lung diseases were also associated with severe outcomes. Of the 80 cases asymptomatic at hospitalization, 40 developed symptoms and five of them >70 years of age required invasive ventilation.CONCLUSIONS:
The early stage of the novel coronavirus epidemic in Japan disproportionately affected the elderly. Older age, male gender, and underlying conditions were associated with severe outcomes. Notably, some elderly case-patients who were asymptomatic at diagnosis and promptly hospitalized still went on to develop severe disease, indicating the importance of careful monitoring of certain populations.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Respiration, Artificial
/
COVID-19
/
Hospitalization
/
Intensive Care Units
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Aged
/
Child
/
Child, preschool
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
English
Journal:
J Epidemiol
Journal subject:
Epidemiology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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